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Sports Medicine > Sports Medicine: Section 1 Knee > Flashcards

Sports Medicine: Section 1 Knee Flashcards

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1
Q

ACL attachments and size

A
  • Posteromedial aspect of lateral femoral condyle
  • Anterior to intercondylar eminences
  • 30 mm long
  • 11 mm diameter
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2
Q

ACL bundles

A
  • Anteromedial
    • tight in flexion
    • anterior restraint
    • LACHMANS TEST
  • Posterolateral
    • tight in extension
    • rotational restraint
    • PIVOT SHIFT TEST
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3
Q

Blood supply to ACL and PCL

A

Middle geniculate artery & the fat pad

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4
Q

PCL attachment and size

A
  • Anterolateral medial femoral condyle
  • Tibial sulcus
  • 38 mm long
  • 13 mm diameter
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5
Q

PCL bundles

A
  • Anterolateral
    • tight in flexion
  • Posteromedial
    • tight in extension
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6
Q

Meniscofemoral ligaments

A
  • Origin: posterior horn of lateral meniscus (variable)
  • Insertion: substance of the PCL
  • HUMPHREY
    • anterior
  • Wrisberg
    • posterior
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7
Q

Superficial MCL attachments

A
  • AKA tibial collateral ligament
  • Origin: 3.2mm proximal and 4.8mm posterior from medial femoral epicondyle
  • Insertion: proximal tibia deep to the Pes Anserinus (61.2mm distal to knee joint)
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8
Q

Deep MCL attachments

A
  • Capsular thickening
  • Attaches to medial meniscus - Coronary ligaments
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9
Q

LCL attachments

A
  • AKA fibullar collateral ligament
  • Origin: Posterior and superior to popliteus tendon insertion on lateral femoral epicondyle
  • Insertion: fibullar head, MOST ANTERIOR STRUCTURE
  • Behind axis of rotation –> tight in extension
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10
Q

Posteromedial corner components

A
  • Runs next to deep MCL
  • Rotational restraint
  • Three components
    1. Semimembranosus capsular thickenings
    2. Posterior oblique ligament
    3. Oblique popliteal ligament (post. capsule thickenings)
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11
Q

Posterolateral corner components (PLC)

A
  • Commonly injured in multiligamentour injuries
  • Primary stabilizer of tibial external rotation
  • 7 components
    1. Biceps femoris
    2. IT band
    3. Popliteus (inserts inferior, anterior to deep MCL)
    4. Popliteofibular ligament
    5. Lateral capsule
    6. Arcuate ligament
    7. Fabellofibular ligament
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12
Q

Medial structures of the knee

A
  • Layer I
    1. Sartorius
    2. Fascia
  • Layer 2
    1. Superficial MCL
    2. Posterior oblique ligament
    3. Semimembranosus
  • Layer 3
    1. Deep MCL
    2. Capsule
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13
Q

Order of tendinous insertion:

proximal fibula

A
  • Anterior to posterior
    1. LCL
    2. Popliteofibular ligament
    3. Biceps femorus
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14
Q

Lateral structures of the knee

A
  • Layer 1
    • IT tract
    1. Biceps femorus
    2. Fascia
  • Layer 2
    1. Patellar retinaculum
    2. Patellofemoral ligament
  • Layer 3
    1. Arcuate ligament
    2. fabellofibular ligament
    3. capsule
    4. LCL
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15
Q

Medial meniscus

A
  • Type I collagen (because it has some vascularity)
  • “C” shaped
  • Intermeniscal ligament anteriorily
  • Coronary ligaments peripherally
    • Less mobile than lateral meniscus
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16
Q

Lateral meniscus

A
  • Type I collagen (because it has some vascularity)
  • Circular shaped
  • Intermeniscal ligament anteriorily
  • Coronary ligaments peripherally
    • More mobile than medial meniscus
17
Q

Femoral condyles

A
  • Lateral
    • Greater AP dimensions
    • Relativley straight
    • Terminal sulcus
    • Groove for poplitues
  • Medial
    • Smaller AP dimensions
    • More curved –> screw home mechanism (ext rot of med tib plateau with full knee ext)
18
Q

Patellar restraints

A
  • Restraints
    • Trochlea
    • Vastus medialis & lateralis
      • together form patellar retinaculum
    • Medial patellofemoral ligament
19
Q

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL)

A
  • Insertion: anterior and distal to adductor tubercle
    • also just superior to the superficial MCL
  • Origin: medial border of patella (jxn of prox and middle third) & undersurface of VMO
  • Resposible for 50% of total medial restraint
20
Q

Common causes of acute hemarthrosis

A
  1. ACL tear (70%)
  2. Patella dislocation
  3. Osteochondral fracture
  4. Isolated meniscal tear
21
Q

What two nerves need to be protected during meniscal repair?

A
  1. Medial repairs
    1. Saphenous nerve - anterior to both the semiT and Gracilis. Posterior to inferior border of sartorius
  2. Lateral repairs
    1. Peroneal nerve - posterior to biceps femoris
22
Q

Bakers cysts

A
  • Related to meniscal pathology
    • Resolve with tx of primary cause
  • Found between semimembranosus and medial head of gastroc
23
Q

Discoid meniscus

A
  • Classification
    1. Incomplete
    2. Complete
    3. Wrisberg variant
  • Mechanical sx of popping and locking
  • Xray shows widened joint space, squaring of lateral femoral condyle
  • MRI shows meniscus on 3 consecutive sagittal slices
  • Tx with partial meniscectomy (saucerization)
24
Q

Bone bruises

A
  • >50% of ACL injuries
  • commonly near sulcus terminalis of LFC and posterolateral tibia
    *

Sports Medicine (1 decks)

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