Sports Medicine

Question 0

What is a ‘indirect injury’

Answer 0

Caused by internal force by excessive strain on muscles, tendons and ligaments

E.g. Tearing of the hamstring

Question 1

What is a ‘direct injury’

Answer 1

Caused by external force applied to the body

E.g. bruise

Question 2

What is a ‘soft tissue’ injury

Answer 2

Damage to muscles, tendons, ligaments, skin, cartilage, organs

E.g. Sprained ankle

Question 3

What is a ‘hard tissue’ injury

Answer 3

Damage to bones and teeth

E.g. Boxer dislodging tooth in a fight

Question 4

What is a ‘overuse injury’

Answer 4

Injury provoked by repetitive exercises over long periods of time

Question 5

Examples of soft tissue injuries

Answer 5

Tears, sprains, contusions

Question 6

What is a sprain

Answer 6

Stretching/tearing of the ligament

E.g. Sprained ankle

Question 7

What is a tear

Answer 7

Stretching/tearing of a muscle or tendon

E.g. Teared hamstring

Question 8

What is a contusion

Answer 8

Caused by impact with an object resulting in internal bleeding

E.g. Bruised thigh

Question 9

Soft tissue injuries to the skin

Answer 9

Abrasions, lacerations and blisters

Question 10

What is an abrasion

Answer 10

Area of scraped skin resulting from a fall on rough, hard surface

E.g. Grazed knee

Question 11

What is a laceration

Answer 11

A deep tear of the skin exposing underlying skin tissue

E.g. Deep cut on scalp

Question 12

What is a blister

Answer 12

A small pocket of fluid within the skin caused by friction between skin and another surface

E.g. Foot blister from rubbing against shoe

Question 13

What is a inflammatory response

Answer 13

Immediate natural response to tissue damage

Question 14

What is the first phase of the inflammatory response

Answer 14

1. Acute inflammatory phases (24-72 hours) characterised by pain, redness and swelling, loss of function/mobility, increased blood flow to the area to promote healing

Question 15

What is the second phase of the inflammatory response

Answer 15

2. Repair and regeneration (3-6 weeks) characterised by removal of damaged tissue, formation of new fibres and the production of scar tissue

Question 16

What is the third phase of the inflammatory response

Answer 16

3. Remodelling characterised by increased production of scar tissue and rehabilitation exercises to strengthen/develop replacement tissue

Question 17

What are the aims of immediate treatment to soft tissue injuries

Answer 17

• to prevent further tissue damage
• minimise swelling and ease pain
• to reduce the formation of scar tissue

Question 18

What does RICER stand for

Answer 18

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Referral

Question 19

RICER (R) - why, how, time?

Answer 19

Rest
Why - to reduce bleeding and prevent further injury

How - place in a comfortable position with injury elevated and supported

Time - when injury occurs

Question 20

RICER (I) - why, how, time?

Answer 20

Ice

Why - to reduce pain, blood flow, and swelling

How - ice in a towel (to protect skin) wrapped around injury

Time - 20 mins every hour up to 3 days

Question 21

RICER (C) - why, how, time?

Answer 21

Compression

Why - decreases bleeding, reduces swelling

How - wrap above and below the injury with a bandage

Time - at the time and reapplied periodically for 24 hours

Question 22

RICER (E) - why, how, time?

Answer 22

Elevation

Why - decrease bleeding, and reduces throbbing and swelling

How - raise injury above level of heart

Time - whenever possible for 2-3 days

Question 23

RICER (R) - why, how, time?

Answer 23

Referral

Why - to understand the nature and extent of the injury

How - appointment with a doctor/physio

Time - ASAP

Question 24

What does TOTAPS stand for

Answer 24

Talk, Observe, Touch, Active movement, Passive movement, Skills test