sports medicine Flashcards
Describe the difference between Direct and Indirect sports injuries.
A direct injury is an injury sustained at the site of external force e.g.) hit by a ball, bat, person. These are very common injuries in sport.
An indirect injury is an injury sustained from an internal force e.g.) pulled hamstring, sprained ankle. Internal forces are often generated by muscles, but includes forces transferred from the outside
classify the difference between Soft and Hard tissue injuries.
Injuries are classified as soft tissue injuries if they occur to soft tissue in the body.
→ Soft tissue includes all muscles, ligaments, tendons, skin, organs etc. Everything except bone and teeth.
Hard tissue injuries are injuries to the bone or teeth
→ this could be a broken or fractured bone, chipped tooth
What is an overuse injury?
Overuse injuries are caused by repetitive action, the distinct characteristic of an overuse injury is that it develops over time.
→ Overuse injuries include soft tissue injuries, such as tendonitis (e.g. tennis elbow) and hard tissue injuries, such as stress fractures.
Explain what is and the difference between tears, sprains and contusions.
A Strain is a tear that occurs in a muscle.
→ Strains (muscle tear) are normally caused by internal forces, poor technique or overtraining.
A sprain is a tear that occurs to a ligament (joining bone to bone around joints).
→ Sprains are often caused by an external force being transferred through the body often to the other side of a joint. They are always caused by a joint being bent in a direction it is not meant to move.
A contusion is when capillaries are ruptured causing internal bleeding. It is normally referred to as a bruise.
→ A bruise is normally caused by external force upon the soft tissue that results in the capillaries bursting.
Explain what is and the difference between Skin abrasions, Lacerations and blisters.
How to manage soft tissue injuries? (what is RICER)
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Referral
How to manage Hard tissue injuries?
- immobilisation
- assessment for medical attention.
Inflammatory response
Involves vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) allowing more blood to the area and more fluid to exit the vessels into the surrounding tissue. This increases the white blood cells (leucocytes) entering the area to clean debris and fight infection (if injury is open).
what are fractures?
what are dislocations?
how to assess both Soft and hard tissue injuries all together?
(TOTAPS)
Talk
Observe
Touch
Active movement
Passive movement
Skills test
How do medical conditions (Asthma, Diabetes, Epilepsy) impact children and young athletes?
Asthma:
Diabetes:
Epilepsy:
how do Overuse injuries impact Children and young athletes?
Stress fractures:
what is thermoregulation and how does it impact children and young athletes?
how can resistance training implicate children and young athletes?
