Sports Medicine

Question 1

Direct injuries?

Answer 1

Caused by and external force applied to the body and are known as direct injuries.

Question 2

What causes direct injuries?

Answer 2

External forces creating and injury, such as being hit by a ball and breaking a nose.

Question 3

Examples of direct injuries include…

Answer 3

-Fractures
-Muscle damage
-Joint damage
-Severe ligament damage
-Haematomas (Bruises)

Question 4

Indirect injuries?

Answer 4

Occur due to an internal force which occur without any physical contact.
Eg. Tearing a hamstring

Question 5

Examples of how an indirect injury may occur are …

Answer 5

-Overstretching
-Incorrect execution of a movement
-Fatigue
-Lack of fitness
-Equipment in poor state

Question 6

Soft tissue injuries?

Answer 6

Most common injuries in sport
They include: Skin injuries, Muscle injuries, Tendon injuries (Muscle to bone) and Ligament injuries (Bone to bone).

Question 7

How are soft tissue injuries managed?

Answer 7

Prompt and effective management leads to effective recovery.

Question 8

Hard tissue injuries?

Answer 8

Damage to bones and teeth. Frequently more serious than soft tissue injuries.

Question 9

Examples of Hard tissue injuries include…

Answer 9

-Bruises to the bone
-Dislocation of the joint
Stress fractures and breaks

Question 10

What causes a hard tissue injury?

Answer 10

Direct force which exceed the strength of the bone.

Question 11

What causes an overuse injury?

Answer 11

Intense and unreasonable amounts of exercise. They cause the athlete to experience pain and inflammation.

Question 12

What are examples of overuse injuries?

Answer 12

• Stress fractures
• Shin Splints
• Tendonitis

Question 13

Tears?

Answer 13

When a muscle or tendon is stretched or torn.

Question 14

What causes a tear?

Answer 14

-overstretching
-incorrect movement
-not warming up correctly

Question 15

What is the managment for tears?

Answer 15

RICER

Question 16

Sprains?

Answer 16

Stretching or tearing a ligament.

Question 17

What causes a sprain?

Answer 17

• overstretching a ligament
• incorrect movement
• not warming up correctly

Question 18

What is the management for a sprain?

Answer 18

RICER

Question 19

What is a contusion?

Answer 19

Injury to the soft tissue.

Question 20

What causes a contusion?

Answer 20

A sudden blow to the body part causing the soft tissue to crush

Question 21

Management for contusion?

Answer 21

RICER

Question 22

What does RICER stand for

Answer 22

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
Referral

Question 23

What do you not do when a soft injury has occured? (HARM)

Answer 23

No Heat
No Alcohol
No Running
No Massage

Question 24

What are the 4 kinds of fractures/breaks?

Answer 24

-Open /compound
-Complicated
-Closed
-Greenstick

Question 25

Signs and symptoms of a fracture?

Answer 25

-Pain at site of injury
-Inability to move
-Unnatural movement
-Deformity
-Swelling and discolouration
-Grating of bones
-Shock
-Putruding bone

Question 26

Dislocations?

Answer 26

When one bone is displaced from another or its usual position.

Question 27

Signs and symptoms of dislocations?

Answer 27

-Loss of movement
- Obvious deformity
-Swelling and tenderness
-pain at site if injury

Question 28

How to manage a fracture

Answer 28

• immobilise limb
  -treat the wound
  -ensure medical treatment is given
• DO NOT put the bone back in or treat a bone protruding through the skin.

Question 29

How to treat a dislocation?

Answer 29

-Prevent movement occuring at the site of the dislocation to reduce the risk of further tissue damage
- immobilise the injured limb
- Gentle apply a splint
-check for signs of circulation
- Apply ice for 20 minutes
- treat for shock when needed

Question 30

What does TOTAPS stand for

Answer 30

Talk
Observe
Touch
Active Movement
Passive Movement
Skills test

Question 31

What does talk mean?

Answer 31

Ask the athlete question to gather info about the cause nature and site of injury.
Eg. How did the injury happen?

Question 32

Observe ?

Answer 32

Visual examination that looks for deformity or swelling.

Question 33

Touch?

Answer 33

Ask for consent. Then using hands and fingers gently touch injured site, starting away and moving closer.

Question 34

Active movement?

Answer 34

Ask the athlete to attempt to move the injured part. Observe the degree of pain. Also observe the extent or range of movement.

Question 35

Passive movement?

Answer 35

moving the injured body part to determine how much pain free movement they have.
If athlete cannot continue use RICER.

Question 36

Skills test?

Answer 36

If the athlete can stand have them put pressure on the injured site and perform moves similar to those in the activity.

Question 37

What are the most common medical conditions suffered by children whilst playing sport?

Answer 37

-asthma
-Diabetes
-Epilepsy

Question 38

Asthma?

Answer 38

Breathing difficulty as there is a narrowing of the airway resulting in less air getting into the lungs making it harder to breathe.

Question 39

How can asthma be managed?

Answer 39

Using the 4x4x4 method

Question 40

What sports are good for kids with asthma?

Answer 40

Swimming due to the warm and moist environment making it easier to enter and exit their lungs.

Question 41

What is diabetes?

Answer 41

A disease when the body does not produce or properly use insulin.
Exercise is beneficial for diabetic children as it gives them inproved glucose control.

Question 42

How is diabetes treated?

Answer 42

Hypo = Low = Give jelly beans
Hyper = High = Seek medical assistance

Question 43

What is epilepsy?

Answer 43

Disruption to brain function causing brief alteration to level of consciousness resulting in seizures or fits.

Question 44

What sports are people with epilepsy not advised to play?

Answer 44

-swimming
-rugby league/union
-scuba diving

Question 45

What are overuse injuries?

Answer 45

Injuries caused by a continual or repetative movement. Eg. Tennis elbow, shin splints or swimmers shoulder.