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sports med > Sports med unit 3 > Flashcards

Sports med unit 3 Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

What is room tempature

A

23C

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2
Q

What is normal body temp

A

37C

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3
Q

what is hyperthermia?

A

an abnormally high body temp caused by high tempature

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4
Q

what is sweating?

A

the bodies major function to cool itself off

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5
Q

what do you lose when you sweat?

A

potassium and sodium

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6
Q

why does sweating cause cramps?

A

because sweating depletes the body of electrolytes (sodium and potassium)

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7
Q

What is the average heart rate?

A

60 BPM

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8
Q

what does BPM stand for

A

Beats per minute

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9
Q

what does dehydration cause

A

vasocontriction and stops the sweating process

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10
Q

what is vasoconstriction?

A

the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls.

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11
Q

Does dehydration affect performance?

A

yes

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12
Q

Why are cold drinks good after excersise

A

Cold drinks empty from the stomach into the intestine (which can enter the bloodstream) faster

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13
Q

what causes muscle cramps?

A

not having enough electrolytes or overworking a muscle

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14
Q

Symptoms of hyperthermic injuries?

A

Cramps
Nausea
Feverish
Heat exhaustion
The body will conserve fluids and stop sweating
The body will soon go unconscious

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15
Q

Symptoms of heat exhaustion?

A

Profuse sweating
Cool, clammy, pale/red skin
Slow, shallow breathing
Rapid and weak pulse
Core temp to 40 degrees
Chills or shivering
Tingling in arms, legs or back

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16
Q

Symptoms of heat stroke?

A

Absence of sweating
Hot, dry red skin
Fast and deep breathing
Rapid and bounding
Core temp >40 degrees
Convulsions
Weird behaviour
Convulsions
Unconsciousness

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17
Q

what is hypothermia?

A

an abnormally low body temperature that can happen when a person is exposed to extremely cold temperatures.

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18
Q

Does the air temp have to be below freezing to get hypo thermia?

A

no

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19
Q

hypothermia factors?

A

Factors: poor nutrition, little exercise, alcohol, wet clothing and certain medical conditions.

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20
Q

hypothermia symptoms and signs?

A

Shivering (may stop at deeper stages)
Numbness
Confusion
Lack of coordination
Body temp <35C

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21
Q

what is frostbite?

A

Frostbite is an injury caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues.

22
Q

why is there a high risk of tissue damage when a person gets frostbite?

A

Water freezing expands and causes the skin cells to burst

23
Q

what is Pulmonary edema

A

fluid accumulation in the lungs making it very difficult to breather

24
Q

pulmonary edema symptoms

A

Coughing, headache, weakness, dizziness, unconsciousness

25
Q

what are Macronutrients

A

Nutrients that provide energy (calories)

26
Q

what are the 3 macronutrients?

A

Carbohydrates (carbs/CHO)(4cal/gram): provides the body with energy,
Fats (9cal/gram): per gram provides the most calories
Proteins (4cal/gram)

27
Q

How many calories per gram in carbs

A

4cal/gram

28
Q

How many calories per gram in fats

A

(9cal/gram): per gram provides the most calories

29
Q

How many calories per gram in protiens

A

(4cal/gram)

30
Q

what are Micronutrients

A

Provide no energy/calories but instead help regulate and maintain normal body functions/processes

31
Q

what are the 3 macronutrients?

A

Vitamins
Minerals
Water

32
Q

what are the 5 components to healthy eating

A

Adequacy: does your diet provide all the essential nutrients
Balance: is your nutrition balanced in terms of ratios? Are you meeting or within the proper amount of carbohydrates (60%, 1200 cals or 300g), fats (25%, 500 cals or 56g), and proteins (15%, 300 cals or 75g)?
Calorie awareness: aware of consumption of calories
Moderation: does your diet contain excess amounts of less healthy nutrients
Variety: different foods are used for the same purposes on different occasions

33
Q

what is a concussion?

A

A concussion is defined as a “traumatically induced alteration in the mental status.”

34
Q

what are the two types of amnesia?

A

Retrograde amnesia: loss of memory for events that occurred before the injury (breakfast, score, team playing etc)
Anterograde Amnesia: is defined as a loss of memory for events that occurred after the injury

35
Q

what are the Challenges coaches/trainers/healthcare professionals have with identifying concussions.

A

Delayed onset of symptoms: appear fine after the impact but later symptoms show up.
No visible indication (bleeding/swelling) that the brain has been damaged
Athletes are reluctant to tell anyone that they aren’t feeling normal: they want to keep practicing/playing

36
Q

causes of concussions?

A

Direct blows to the head
Landing on your butt
Whiplash mechanism
etc

37
Q

what is a Contracoup injury

A

This is a type of movement of the brain inside the skull (the brain is like a yolk in an egg)
Pain on the opposite side of where the impact happened because the brain moves the opposite direction.

38
Q

Signs and symptoms of concussions

A

Headache
Vacant stare
Confusion
Tinitis (ringing in the ears)
Nausea/Vomiting
Blurred Vision
Dizziness

39
Q

what does CTE stand for?

A

CTE
C - chronic
T - traumatic
E - encephalopathy

40
Q

what does Hyper mean

A

Hyper - increased

41
Q

what does Hypo mean

A

Hypo - decreased

42
Q

what does Thermia mean

A

Thermia - temp

43
Q

what does Humidity mean

A

Humidity - the percentage of water in the air

44
Q

what does Feverish mean

A

Feverish - when body temp goes up 2-3 degrees

45
Q

what does Wind chill mean

A

Wind chill - how much colder the wind will make you feel

46
Q

what does Metabolism mean

A

Metabolism - How much energy you burn on average

47
Q

what does Altitude mean - how high above sea level

A

Altitude - how high above sea level

48
Q

what does Encephalon mean - brain

A

Encephalon - brain

49
Q

what does Chronic mean

A

Chronic - repeated

50
Q

what does trauma mean

A

Trauma - impact
Pathy - causation/result

51
Q

what does Pathy mean

A

pathy - causation/result

sports med (2 decks)

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