Sports med study guide Flashcards
Emergency Action Plans
Definition: A detailed plan for responding to emergency situations in sports.
Importance: Helps prepare for and respond effectively to emergency situations.
Primary Survey
Definition: A quick assessment to identify and address life-threatening conditions.
Steps: Check for consciousness, breathing, circulation.
Secondary Survey
Definition: A more thorough head-to-toe assessment to identify all injuries.
Steps: Check vital signs, perform physical examination.
CAB
Stands for Circulation, Airway, Breathing.
Circulation
Check for pulse, control any bleeding.
If no circulation, perform CPR.
Airway
Open and maintain the airway.
Use Trainer’s Angel if needed.
Breathing
Check for normal breathing.
Provide rescue breaths if not breathing.
Isolated Injury Assessment
Assess individual body parts/regions for injury.
Steps include inspection, palpation, range of motion.
Orientation
Assessing the athlete’s mental status. Important for identifying concussions.
HOPS
History, Observation, Palpation, Special Tests
Moving the Athlete
Only move if absolutely necessary, using proper techniques like log roll.
Do not move if head, neck or spinal injury is suspected.
Vital Signs
5 basic vital signs: pulse, respiration, blood pressure, temperature, height/weight.
Homeostasis: The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
Respiration
Definition: The process of inhaling and exhaling.
Signs of breathing difficulty: fast, slow, shallow, or labored breathing.
Pulse
Definition: The rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood moves through it.
Irregularities: Tachycardia (fast), Bradycardia (slow).
Normal pulse rate: 60-100 bpm (at rest).
Blood Pressure
Definition: The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels.
Normal range: 120/80 mmHg.
Temperature
Normal core body temperature: 97-99°F.
Risk of Infection in Sports
Pathogens can spread easily due to close contact, shared equipment, exposure to bodily fluids.
A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease.
Chain of Infection
Infectious agent (pathogen)
Reservoir (where pathogen lives)
Portal of exit (how pathogen leaves reservoir)
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Breaking the Chain of Infection
Importance: Stops the spread of pathogens and reduces risk of infection.
Can be done through proper hygiene, cleaning, disinfection, and other preventative measures.
Hand Washing
Should be done frequently, using proper technique.
Gloves
Worn to prevent contact with blood/bodily fluids.
Removed carefully to avoid contamination.
Clean vs. Sterile Techniques
Aseptic: Free from pathogenic organisms.
Clean: Reduces but does not eliminate pathogens. Sterile: Eliminates all pathogens.
Touching face frequently can spread pathogens.
Blood-Stained Clothing
Should be removed and properly cleaned or disposed of.
Sharps
Items that can puncture skin, posing risk of infection.
Handled carefully to avoid punctures.
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Sets standards for workplace safety.
Universal Precautions
Treating all blood/bodily fluids as potentially infectious.
Examples: hand washing, gloves, disinfection.
HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis
Modes of transmission and rules regarding participation in sports.
Medical Conditions Chart
Review the list of medical conditions and know a brief definition for each one.
Do not need to know symptoms, prevention, or treatments.
Stop the Bleed
Why it’s used: To teach bystanders how to control severe bleeding in an emergency.
Steps: Call 911, apply direct pressure, use a tourniquet if needed.
Emergency Scenarios
Review the emergency scenarios covered in class.
Focus on identifying the steps you would take to respond appropriately.
