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Sports Med Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the foot?

A

absorb forces
provide a stable base of support

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2
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

26 total

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3
Q

How many tarsals are in the foot?

A

7 total

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4
Q

What are the 7 tarsals in the foot?

A

Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial
Intermediate
Lateral Cuneiform

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5
Q

How many metatarsals are in the foot?

A

5 metatarsals

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6
Q

What are the 5 metatarsals in the foot?

A

big toe
tibialis posterior
tibialis posterior
tibialis posterior
fibularis tertius

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7
Q

how many phalanges in the foot?

A

14

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8
Q

(foot) Interphalangeal joint

A

connects the phalange of each toe (1-5)

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9
Q

what is apart of the foots interphalangeal joint?

A

(DIP) Distal Interphalangeal Joint
(PIP) Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

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10
Q

(foot) Metatarsophalangeal Joint

A

connects each metatarsal to the phalange

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11
Q

(foot) Tarsometatarsal Joint

A

connects the tarsals to the metatarsals (aka midfoot)

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12
Q

Transverse tarsal joint

A

consists of 2 joints

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13
Q

What 2 joints does the Transverse tarsal joint consist of

A

Calcaneocuboid Joint
Talonavicular Joint
- Both form the transverse arch of the foot

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14
Q

Talocalcaneal Joint

A

this is the subtalar joint of the foot

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15
Q

Ligaments (foot)

A

connects the bone to bone to form all of the joints in the foot

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16
Q

Arches (foot)

A

formed by ligamentous and bony arrangements to assist the foot in
supporting the body and absorb the shock of weight bearing

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17
Q

Transverse Arch

A

shaped by the metatarsal heads and extended across the transverse tarsal bones to form a half dome

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18
Q

Medial Longitudinal Arch

A

originates along the medial border of the calcaneus and extends forward to the distal head of the first metatarsal

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19
Q

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

A

main supporting ligament, acts as a spring, by returning the arch to its normal position after being stretched

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20
Q

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

A

Lateral aspect of the foot, follows the same pattern as the medial longitudinal arch

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21
Q

What is the lateral longitudinal arch formed by

A

the calcaneus, cuboid, and 5th metatarsal

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22
Q

plantar fascia

A

thick white band of fibrous tissue that supports the foot against downward forces

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23
Q

where does the plantar fascia originate from

A

the medial aspect of the calcaneus

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24
Q

where does the plantar fascia insert at

A

the distal heads of the metatarsals

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25
Q

nerves (foot)

A

branched off from the tibial nerve

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26
Q

superficial nerve (foot)

A

runs anterior and laterally

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27
Q

Deep peroneal nerve (foot)

A

runs posteriorly

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28
Q

blood supply of the foot

A

branched off from the peroneal artery

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29
Q

Posterior Tibial artery

A

dorsal aspect of the foot

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30
Q

anterior tibial artery

A

plantar aspect of the foot

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31
Q

Medial movements of the foot

A

Inversion
Supination

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32
Q

lateral movements of the foot

A

eversion
pronation
toe plantar flexion
toe dorsiflexion

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33
Q

prevention of injury for the foot

A
  • proper footwear
  • proper foot hygiene
  • stretching
  • awareness of playing surfaces (too hard and too soft)
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34
Q

excessive pronation (foot)

A

fallen arch

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35
Q

excessive supination (foot)

A

high arch

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36
Q

neutral (foot)

A

normal arch

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37
Q

high arches is what

A

pes cavus

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38
Q

fallen arches/flat is what

A

pes planys

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39
Q

what are some wrapping or taping techniques for the foot

A

turf toe taping - hyperextension

arch taping - supports the entire plantar aspect of the foot for plantar fasciitis, arch strains and shin splints

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40
Q

what is the function of the knee?

A
  • Provide stability in the weight-bearing
  • mobility in locomotion
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41
Q

What does the stability of the knee joint depend primarily on?

A

the ligaments, the joint capsule, and the muscles that surround it

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42
Q

(Knee bone) Femur includes what

A

lateral femoral condyle
medial femoral condyle

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43
Q

(Knee bone) Tibia includes what

A

Tibial tuberosity
Tibial Plateau

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44
Q

(Knee bone) Fibula includes what

A

Fibular head

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45
Q

Patella is also called what

A

the knee cap

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46
Q

What are the joints/articulations of the knee

A

femur and tibia
femur and patella
tibia and fibula

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47
Q

(knee joint) meniscus

A

fibrocartilage disks shaped like bowls that lie on top of the flat tibial plateau

function - makes the rounded femoral condyle fit better on the flat tibial plateau

increase stability and adds cushion

  • medial mensicus
  • lateral meniscus
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48
Q

(knee ligament) cruciate ligaments

A
  • prevents femur from moving posteriorly during weight bearing
  • stabilizes tibia against excessive internal rotation
  • acts as secondary stabilizer when collateral ligaments are injured
  • prevents femur from sliding anteriorly (forward)
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49
Q

(knee ligament) collateral ligament

A

stabilize the knee against valgus/varus (side to side) forces

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50
Q

What ligament is apart of the collateral ligament

A

MCL and LCL

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51
Q

(MCL) medial collateral ligament

A
  • protect knee from valgus force (force to outside of knee)
  • attaches to medial meniscus
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52
Q

(LCL) lateral collateral ligament

A
  • protect knee from varus force (force to inside of knee)
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53
Q

(knee muscle) Quadriceps

A

form the patellar tendon to extend the knee

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54
Q

What muscle is apart of the quadriceps

A

rectus femoris
vastus medialis oblique
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius

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55
Q

(knee muscle) Hamstrings

A

attach to the back of the tibia to flex the knee

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56
Q

What is muscle is apart of the hamstrings

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

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57
Q

(knee muscle) Popliteus

A

small muscle in the posterior aspect of the knee responsible for terminal knee extension

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58
Q

Nerves for the knee

A

tibial nerve
common peroneal nerve

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59
Q

blood supply of the knee

A

popliteal artery

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60
Q

movements of the knee

A

flexion
extension
internal rotation
external rotation

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61
Q

prevention of knee injury

A
  • physical conditioning
  • rehab
  • shoe type
  • knee braces
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62
Q

knee stress test

A

used to assess joint stability performed by applying a specific stress to the joining and assessing the amount of motion

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63
Q

grade 1 knee sprain

grade 2 knee sprain

grade 3 knee sprain

A

limited motion, firm endpoint, no pain
limited motion, firm endpoint, mild pain
very increased motion, very soft endpoint, severe pain

64
Q

a positive valgus stress test is….
a positive varus stress test is…. positive Lachamn’s stress test is….
Anterior drawer test is….
Posterior drawer test is….

A

….MCL sprain
….LCL sprain
….ACL sprain
…..ACL sprain
……PCL sprain

65
Q

meniscus injury tests

A

appleys compression test
McMurray’s compression test

66
Q

patellofemoral injury test

A

patellar glides

67
Q

True of False - The hip is one of the strongest and most stable joints in the body

A

True

68
Q

Why is the hip the most strongest and stable

A
  • strong ligaments
  • strong joint capsule
  • strong musculature
69
Q

(hip bone) Femur

A

longest, strongest bone in the body for maximal support and mobility in weight-bearing

70
Q

What bones are apart of the femur

A
  • femoral shaft
  • greater trochanter
  • femoral neck
  • femoral head
71
Q

What bones are apart of the femur

A
  • femoral shaft
  • greater trochanter
  • femoral neck
  • femoral head
72
Q

how many innominate bones

A

2

73
Q

Bones of the hip

A

Illium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
Coccyx

74
Q

What bones are apart of the ilium

A

iliac crest
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine
acetabulum

75
Q

what bones are apart of the ischium

A

ischial tuberosity

76
Q

pelvis

A

bony ring formed by the 2 innominate bones, the sacrum and coccyx

77
Q

functions of the pelvis

A
  • skeletal support of spine and trunk
  • transfer their weight to lower limbs
  • serves as a place for attachment for muscles
  • protect pelvic organs
78
Q

(hip joint) femoral head

A

sits in the acetabulum to form a ball and socket joint

79
Q

(hip joint) what is apart of the femoral head

A

acetabular labrum - cup-shaped rim of cartilage to reinforce the joint

80
Q

(hip) SI (Sacroiliac joint)

A

gliding joint forced by the sacrum and ilium

81
Q

(hip) pubis symphysis

A

2 pubic bones held together by cartilage

82
Q

Ligaments of the hip

A

iliofemoral
ischiofemoral
pubofemoral
ligamentum teres
inguinal ligament

83
Q

(thigh muscle) anteriorly

A

Quadricep - extend the knee
Rectus femoris - flex the hip
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis oblique

84
Q

(thigh muscle) posterior

A

quadricep - flex the knee
bicep femoris - extend the hip
semitendinosus
semimembranous

85
Q

(thigh muscle) medial - groin region

A

gracilis

pectineus
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis

86
Q

(thigh muscle) medial - groin region

A

gracilis
pectineus
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis

87
Q

hip muscle (anterior)

A

hip flexors
- iliacus
- psoas major
- psoas minor
- rectus femoris

88
Q

hip muscle (posterior)

A

Hip abductor - together these form the IT band
tensor fascia latae
gluteus medius

Hip extensors
- glutes Maximus
bicep femoris

Hip internal rotator
- gluteus minimus

Hip external rotators
- superior gemellus
- inferior gemellus
- obturator internus
- obturator externus
- obturator femoris

89
Q

nerve supply

A

femoral nerve - anterior
sciatic nerve - posterior
obturator nerve - medial

90
Q

blood supply

A

femoral artery

91
Q

movements of the hip

A

hip flexion
hip extension
hip adduction
hip abduction
hip internal rotation
hip external rotation

92
Q

prevention to hip injuries

A

dynamic warm up
strength and flexibility

93
Q

Leg length discrepancy test

A

femur or tibia is shorter, pelvic tilt of muscle imbalance

94
Q

kendall/thomas test

A

test on hip flexor

95
Q

patrick (faber) test

A

SI joint dysfuction

96
Q

Trendelenburgs test

A

test on the gluteus medius

97
Q

function of the shoulder

A

allows for great degree of mobility but lacks stability

98
Q

shoulder has dynamic movement and stabilization of the integrated function of the

A

rotator cuff muscles
joint capsule
muscles that stabilize and position the scapula

99
Q

Bones of the shoulder

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

100
Q

Bones of the scapula

A

spine of the scapula
acromion
coracoid process
glenoid cavity
superior angle
lateral border
medial border
inferior angle

101
Q

bones of the humerus

A

humeral head
greater tubercle
less tubercle
bicipital groove
deltoid tuberosity
humeral shaft

102
Q

articulations of the shoulder

A

sternoclavicular joint - gliding

acromioclavicular joint - gliding

glenohumeral joint - ball and socket

scapulothoracic joint - not a true joint

103
Q

ligaments of the shoulder

A

sternoclavicular ligament
acromioclavicular ligament
coracoclavicular ligament
coracoacromial ligament
coracohumeral ligament
glenohumeral ligament

104
Q

transverse humeral ligament

A

keeps bicep tendon in bicipital groove

105
Q

shoulder muscles can be separated into what groups

A

3 different

106
Q

What shoulder muscles originate on the axial skeleton and attach to the humerus

A

pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi

107
Q

What shoulder muscles originate on the scapula and attach to the humerus

A

deltoid
teres major
coracobrachialis
bicep brachii
tricep brachii
rotator cuff (SITS)

108
Q

what is apart of the roator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

109
Q

What shoulder muscles originate on the axial skeleton and attach to the scapula

A

levator scapula
trapezius
rhomboids
serratus anterior

110
Q

nerve for the shoulder

A

brachial plexus

111
Q

blood supply of the shoulder

A

subclavian artery
axillary artery
brachial artery

112
Q

What does glenohumeral joint mean

A

shoulder

113
Q

what are the movements of the shoulder

A

flex
extend
abduct
adduct
external rotation
internal rotation
circumduction

114
Q

scapular movement of the shoulder

A

elevation
depression
protraction
retraction
upward rotation
downward

115
Q

prevention of shoulder injuries

A

upper body conditioning
rotator cuff strengthing
dynamic warmups
learn proper falling
proper equipment
correct technique

116
Q

bones of the elbow

A

humerus
radius - thumb side
ulna - pinky side
carpals

117
Q

what are the bones apart of the humerus

A

lateral epicondyle
medial epicondyle

118
Q

what are the bones apart of the radius

A

head of the radius
radial styloid process

119
Q

how many carpals are in the wrist

A

8

120
Q

What are the bones of the ulna?

A

olecranon process and ulnar styloid process

121
Q

What does the proximal row articulate with?

A

The radius and the ulna

122
Q

Proximal row carpals?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

123
Q

What does the distal row articulate with?

A

the metacarpals

124
Q

distal row carpals?

A

Trapezoid, Capitate, Trapezium, Hamate

125
Q

how many metacarpals

A

5

126
Q

how many phalanges

A

14

127
Q

What are the articulations of the elbow?

A

Humeroulnar Joint - hinge joint
Humeroradial Joint - hinge joint
Proximal Radioulnar Joint - pivot joint

128
Q

What are the articulations of the forearm?

A

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints

129
Q

What is the articulations of the fingers

A

MCP joint and PIP joint

130
Q

What is the ligament of the elbow?
What do they each do and another name?

A

Ulnar collateral (Medial collateral lig) - protects from valgus

Radial Collateral (Lateral collateral lig) - protects from varus

Annular - forms a sling around the radial head for free rotation

131
Q

What is the ligament of the forearm? Motion?

A

Interosseous membrane - holds the radius and ulna together

132
Q

What are the ligaments for the wrist?
what do they each do and their action?

A

Ulnar Collateral ligament - protects wrist from valgus

Radial Collateral ligament - protects wrist from varus

Flexor Retinaculum - (palmar of wrist) holds flexor tendon in place

Extensor Retinaculum - (dorsal of wrist) holds extensor tendon in place

133
Q

What are the ligaments of the fingers?
What do they each do and their action?

A

Medial Collateral Ligament - protects IP joints from valgus

Lateral Collateral Ligament - Protects IP joint from varus

Volar Plate - a thick joint capsule on the palmar surface of the IP joint

134
Q

What is the action :
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

A

elbow flexion

135
Q

what is the action :
triceps brachii

A

elbow extension

136
Q

what is the action :
pronator teres
pronator quadratus

A

forearm pronation

137
Q

what is the action :
brachioradialis
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris

A

wrist flexion

138
Q

what is the action :
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris

A

wrist extension

139
Q

what is the action :
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor pollicis longus and brevis (thumb only)
flexor digiti minimi (pinky only)

A

finger flexion

140
Q

what is the action :
extensor digitorum communis
extensor digiti minimi (pinky only)
extensor indicis (pointer finger only)
extensor pollicis longus and brevis (thumb only)

A

finger extension

141
Q

what is the action :
lumbricals
abductor digiti minimi (pinky only)
abductor pollicis longus and brevis (thumb only)

A

finger abduction

142
Q

what is the action :
dorsal interosseous
adductor pollicis (thumb only)

A

finger adduction

143
Q

what is the action :
opponens digiti minimi
opponens pollicis

A

opposition

144
Q

What are the nerves of the elbow

A

Ulnar nerve
Median Nerve
Radial Nerve

145
Q

Whats the blood supply of the elbow

A

brachial artery

146
Q

movements of the elbow

A

flex, extend

147
Q

movements of the forearm

A

supinate and pronate

148
Q

movements of the wrist

A

flex, extend, ulnar deviation (bringing pinky to forearm), radial deviation (thumb to forearm), circumduction

149
Q

movements of the fingers

A

flex, extend,
ONLY AT MCP JOINTS
- adduction
- abduction
- circumduction
- opposition

150
Q

What is De Quervain’s Syndrome? Test? Cause?

A

It is like gamers thumb
It’s caused by repetitive strains
Finklesteins Test

151
Q

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Median nerve becomes squeezed at the wrist from
inflammation of tendons

152
Q

What is Trigger Finger?

A

Overuse. Finger gets stuck bent then straightens with a snap. Usually flexors

153
Q

What is Mallet Finger (extensor tendon avulsion) (DIP)?

A

a direct blow

154
Q

What is Boutonniere Deformity?

A

Rupture of extensor tendon (PIP)

155
Q

What is Jersey Finger?

A

Rupture of flexor digitorum usually middle finger

156
Q

What is Gamekeeper’s Thumb?

A

UCL sprain of MCP from forceful abduction

sports med (2 decks)

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