Sports Med Flashcards
What is a direct injury?
Caused by an external force or blow. Can be caused by a collision with another person or being struck with an object.
What is an indirect injury?
Does not occur through physical contact but from poor technique, fatigue or over stretching. It can also occur some distance from impacted site eg falling on an out stretched arm.
How do over use injuries occur?
Excessive and repetitive force is placed on the bones and other connective tissue.
What is a soft tissue injury?
Abrasions, tears or strains, inflammation or sprains. They are the most common injuries within sport.
What is a hard tissue injury?
Fractures, dislocations and bruising of the bone. They involve damage to the bone of the skeleton.
What is a tear?
Disruption of the fibers of a muscle or tendon. Occurs when a muscle is overstretched or contracts too quickly.
What is a sprain?
Tear of ligaments, muscles or tendons surrounding a joint. Occurs when joint is extended beyond its normal range of movement.
What is a contusion (bruise)?
Bleeding of the soft tissue. Caused by direct blow from external force.
What is a skin abrasion?
Occurs when outer layer of skin is removed.
What is a skin laceration?
When the skin is cut.
What is a blister?
Results from friction. One layer of skin separates from another and a small air pocket is formed that fills with fluid.
What is the inflammatory response?
The initial stage is the acute inflammatory response, immediately the body increases blood flow and other fluids to injured site. Accumulation of fluid will cause increase in tissue pressure, thus pain.
What are the key points to managing a soft tissue injury?
RICER- rest, ice, compression, elevation, referral.
What does RICER help to achieve?
Minimal swelling, ease of pain, reduction in scar tissue, reduction in rehabilitation time and helps to prevent further damage.
How long should you remain inactive after obtaining an injury?
48-72 hours. The duration depends on the severity of the injury.
How does applying ice help an injured site?
Causes blood vessels to constrict, thus decreasing circulation and resulting in a less inflamed site. Ice should be applied to the surrounding area in addition to the direct site for 20-30 mins every 2-3 hours.
How is the compression applied to a soft tissue injury?
With a wide elastic bandage over and surrounding the injured site. This will help to reduce swelling by limiting fluid build up.
What does the second R stand for in RICER?
Referral- medical advice should be sought out asap to know the full extent of the injury and to commence appropriate rehabilitation.
What does immobilization aim to achieve?
Minimal movement to the injured area. Achieved by immobilizing the joint above and below injured site. If long shaft of bone splint should be used.
What is TOTAPS and when is it applied?
Talk, observe, touch, active movement, passive movement and skill test. It is used for assessing injuries.
Who applies the active movement?
Athlete.
Who applies the passive movement?
The coach.
What is the acronym for children and young athletes?
ATOM - appropriateness of resistance training, thermoregulation, overuse injuries, medical treatment (asthma, diabetes, epilepsy.)
Why should children use resistance training?
They are not yet completely developed thus they should only be lifting their own body weight it acceptable to use light weights high reps, however this should still be monitored and they should be taught the correct technique.