Sports Injury Flashcards
What extrinsic factors can cause sport injuries?
Training errors
Poor technique
Incorrect equipment
Poor conditions
What are the clinical symptoms of a fracture?
Pain Tenderness Localised bruising Swelling Deformity Restriction of movement
What are the possible complications of bone injuries?
Infection Associated injury to nerve and blood vessels DVT/pulmonary embolism Delayed union Malunion Acute compartment syndrome
What is acute compartment syndrome and how is it treated?
Secondary swelling in a muscle compartment within non-distensible fascial sheath which causes severe pain, pain on movement and numbness
Treated by fasciotomy
What is the possible compoication of a bone fracture where the joint is immobilised during the healing process?
Muscle wasting
If a ‘sprain’ remains painful and swollen longer than expected, what kind of i jury should be suspected?
Articular cartilage injury
What condition may be predisposed by an articular cartilage injury?
OA
What is the difference between dislocation and subluxation?
Dislocation produces complete dissociation of the articulating surfaces whereas in subluxation, some contact of articulating surfaces remains
How are dislocations and subluxations treated?
Reduction of movement of joint Muscle relaxants Protecting soft tissue to allow healing Early protected mobilisation Rebuilding of muscle strength
Give a description of the three grades of ligament injury
Grade one - fibres stretched but normal range on stressing
Grade two - more fibres involved with laxity on stressing but a definite end point
Grade three - complete tear, excessive laxity and no end point
Give a description of the three grades of muscle injury
Grade one - involving few fibres and localised pain with no loss of strength
Grade two - involving a significant amount of fibres, pain on contraction, swelling, reduced strength and limitation of movement
Grade three - complete tear common at musculotendinous junctions
How can muscle injuries be treated?
Rest Ice NSAIDs Electrotherapy Strength and stretching exercise Surgery (elite athletes)
How to contusions occur?
Direct blows from an opponent or contact with equipment
What should be avoided, if a person has a contusion?
Heat
Alcohol
Vigorous massaging of the muscle
How can an achilles tendonopathy be treated?
Active rest
Altered training schedule to not include hills and decrease pace
NSAIDs
Immobilisation
Surgery for chronic tendonitis or rupture
