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PHTH 565 - Sports > Sports injuries > Flashcards

Sports injuries Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

__-__% of all ACL injuries are non-contact

A

70-80

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2
Q

What are the two common mechanisms for non-contact ACL injuries?

A
  1. plant + cut

2. single leg jump landing

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3
Q

Neuromuscular patterns that may contribute to increased risk of ACL injury?

A

quad dominance

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4
Q

Quads:ham ratio generally ______ in females

A

higher

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5
Q

Aim of ACL injury prevention programs is to modify the _______ factors.

A

extrinsic

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6
Q

FIFA 11+ program can reduce injuries by __%

A

30

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7
Q

Goals of pre-op ACL plans?

A
  1. control join pain, swelling, hemarthosis
  2. regain normal knee ROM
  3. regain a normal gait pattern
  4. regain normal LE strength
  5. regain normal proprioception, balance and coordination
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8
Q

Prior to ACL sx, most surgeons are looking for what 3 things?

A
  1. no joint effusion or pain
  2. full extension ROM, at least 120 deg flexion
  3. normal gait
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9
Q

What 3 ligaments provide stabilization to the distal tibia and fibula?

A
  1. AITFL
  2. PITFL
  3. interosseous ligament
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10
Q

_____ and ____ are the primary stabilizers of distal tib fib joint (__% of syndesmotic stability)

A

AITFL;PITFL; 77%

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11
Q

____ injury often accompanied by interosseous ligament tear

A

AITFL

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12
Q

______ ligament transfers axial load to fibula during WB (__-__%)

A

interosseous; (6-15)

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13
Q

Most common MOI of high ankle sprains?

A

planted foot with IR of leg (ER of talus in mortise)

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14
Q

High ankle sprains occur more in collision sports and those that have a ______ ankle.

A

fixed

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15
Q

Isolated high ankle sprain is _____

A

rare

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16
Q

____ ligament injury is common w/ high ankle sprain due to rotation of talus

A

deltoid

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17
Q

What is the only special test that has been proven to correlate with presence of high ankle sprain and is associated with longer return to activity?

A

external rotation stress test

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18
Q

3 ways to classify high ankle sprains?

A
  1. chronologically
  2. radiographically
  3. functionally
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19
Q

Acute high ankle sprain?

A

within 3 weeks

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20
Q

Sub-acute high ankle sprain ?

A

3 weeks to 3 months

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21
Q

Chronic high ankle sprain?

A

beyond 3 months

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22
Q

High ankle sprains take __x as long to heal when compared to lateral ankle sprain.

A

2

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23
Q

Conservative management of high ankle sprains is recommended unless there are what 2 things?

A
  1. #

2. severe ligament tear

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24
Q

Goals of management phase 1 of high ankle sprain ?

A

protection and decrease inflammation

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25
Q

Goals of management phase 2 of high ankle sprain?

A

normal mobility, increase strength, increase function

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26
Q

Goals of management phase 3 of high ankle sprain?

A

Increase function, unilateral balance and strength

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27
Q

Goals of management phase 4 of high ankle sprain?

A

return to sport

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28
Q

_____ ligament contributes to the stability of the tibiofibular joint.

A

deltoid

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29
Q

Majority of muscle strains occur in _______ muscles at the muscle tendon junction.

A

biarticular

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30
Q

Most strains occur during _______ loading.

A

eccentric

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31
Q

Injury to hamstring can occur at ______ ____ (eccentric) or _____ ____ (concentric)

A

terminal swing; initial contact

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32
Q

Hamstring strains have a high reinjury rate (T/F).

A

TRUE

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33
Q

2 types of hamstring strains?

A
  1. high speed running type

2. stretching type

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34
Q

3 findings on subjective exam of hamstring strain?

A
  1. hamstring tightness
  2. diffuse ache in posterior thigh
  3. aggravated by running, sprinting, kicking
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35
Q

How many grades for hamstring strains?

A

1-3

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36
Q

Should you do soft tissue work for acute hamstring strain?

A

No

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37
Q

Avoid static stretching, assisted heel slides, ball rolling and mini squats in acute phase of hamstring strain (T/F).

A

TRUE

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38
Q

7 RTP criteria for hamstring strain?

A
  1. pain free palpation over site of injury
  2. symmetrical flexibility/ neural mobility
  3. symmetrical endurance / strength / power
  4. good core control
  5. has successfully completed functional progressions and sports specific drills
  6. no kinesiophobia
  7. has successfully participated in practice sessions
39
Q

“sports hernia” is actually a tear in what / where?

A

TA/abdominals where they attach to deep inguinal ring

40
Q

There is conjoint tendon (combined aponeurosis of TA and internal oblique) in __-__% of population

A

10-15

41
Q

3 symptoms of sports hernia?

A
  1. pain with sneeze/cough/exertion
  2. apprehension
  3. location/duration of pain
42
Q

2 signs of sports hernia?

A
  1. pain with fx testing and RI tests

2. TOP at conjoint tendon region

43
Q

History in hip joint lesions ?

A
  1. trauma
  2. rotary stress
  3. impingement
44
Q

2 findings in Ax of hip joint lesions?

A
    • FADDIR

2. pain w/ impact and rotary loads

45
Q

Boney change in CAM FAI?

A

on femur

46
Q

Boney change in pincer FAI?

A

on acetabulum

47
Q

Pain is difficult to ______ in stress fractures of femoral neck and pubic ramus

A

localize

48
Q

Dx of stress fracture of pubic rams / femoral neck?

A

bone scan

49
Q

2 Ax findings of inguinal hernia?

A
  1. pain on exertion

2. palpable bulge at superficial inguinal ring

50
Q

Rx of inguinal hernia?

A
  1. use of truss

2. surgery

51
Q

Hx in osteitis pubis?

A

long recovery time; athlete can’t push past the pain

52
Q

Ax in osteitis pubis?

A

TOP at pubic tubercle, pain with loading of symphysis pubis

53
Q

____ is helpful in the dx of osteitis pubis

A

MRI

54
Q

Complete tear of adductors = _____ deformity

A

notch

55
Q

Iliopsoas strain vs ______ is hard to dx.

A

bursitis

56
Q

Iliopsoas strains / bursitis is often seen in ______

A

runners

57
Q

In ______ strain/bursitis, pain after activity is difficult to localize or reproduce on examination

A

iliopsoas

58
Q

Where is the pain in iliopsoas strain/bursitis?

A

deep groin pain above or below inguinal ring; TOP

59
Q

Rx for iliopsoas strain / bursitis?

A
  1. rest

2. treat contributing factors (LSp)

60
Q

Rest for sports hernia = __ weeks to __ months.

A

3

61
Q

Release what 3 muscles in sports hernia?

A
  1. HF
  2. TFL
  3. piriformis
62
Q

Rehab ____ +++++ in sports hernias

A

core

63
Q

Symptoms > __-__ months in sports hernias are unlikely to resolve

A

6-8

64
Q

Use a ________ warm up when rehabbing sports hernias

A

dynamic (rather than static)

65
Q

_____ tears = Long head of biceps tendon pulls off the labrum

A

SLAP

66
Q

A ______ lesion occurs at the lower part of the labrum

A

bankart

67
Q

What nerve could be injured with an anterior GHJ dislocation?

A

AXILLARY

68
Q

Axillary nerve splits off from the posterior cord and passes through the _______ space.

A

quadrilateral

69
Q

Motor branches of axillary nerve

?

A

deltoid, teres minor

70
Q

6 criteria of RTP for anterior GHJ dislocation?

A
  1. complete resolution of acute s/s
  2. full active and passive ROM of joints involved in the activity
  3. adequate muscular strength, power and endurance
  4. no apprehension in position of risk
  5. correct movement mechanics
  6. has successfully performed a series of progressive fx tests
71
Q

Chances of re-dislocating after a traumatic dislocation = ____ - _____ the older you get in non-surgical management

A

less likely

72
Q

Chances of re-dislocating after a traumatic dislocation =

A

10

73
Q

3 types of shoulder impingement?

A
  1. external (primary)
  2. external (secondary)
  3. internal (glenoid)
74
Q

Scapular ______ = altered or abnormal movement of the scapula on the thorax

A

dyskinesis

75
Q

3 types of scapular dyskinesia (classified based on resting posture of scapula on the thorax)?

A

Type 1: infero-medial
Type 2: medial
Type 3: superior

76
Q

4 causes of scapular dyskinesis?

A
  1. alignment of bones / postural faults
  2. instability
  3. muscle weakness, imbalance, motor control
  4. neural issues
77
Q

_____ lesion = common in youths ages 8-15, associated with increased running and jumping, rapid growth phase

A

Severs

78
Q

Achilles region teninopathis can be either _____ potion or _______ in adults.

A

mid; insertional

79
Q

Excessive __________ may predispose you to achilles tendinopathy.

A

pronation

80
Q

When treating for achilles tendinopathy, always check for _______ conditions such as gout, diabetes and high cholesterol.

A

systemic

81
Q

Tendons take _____ than bone or muscle to heal.

A

longer

82
Q

Example of achilles mid-portion tendinopathy rx progressions ?

A
  1. mid range isometrics
  2. slow heavy isotonic
  3. faster isotonics
  4. sport specific / plyometrics
  5. RTP, continue stage 1&2 exercises
83
Q

With insertional achilles tendinoapthy rx, loading progression as per mid portion achilles but avoid _______ , aka during eccentric heel drops do not drop below ______

A

compression; parallel

84
Q

For insertional achilles tendinopathy, use ____ ____ to unload region.

A

heel lifts

85
Q

Severs diseases = _______

A

enthesitis

86
Q

____ _____ = affecting tibial tuberosity growth plate

A

osgood shclatters

87
Q

5 types of bone and soft tissue tumours that may occur in youth?

A
  1. osteoscarcoma
  2. synovial sarcoma
  3. malignment tumours
  4. osteoid osteoma
  5. osteochondroma
88
Q

________ _____ often mistaken as stress #

A

osteoid osteoma

89
Q

_______ = proximal or distal end of long bones

A

osteosarcoma

90
Q

______ = usually in larger joints like knee or ankle

A

synovial sarcoma

91
Q

________ = most common benign tumours of the bones, commonly affect long bones of leg, pelvis or scapula

A

osteochondroma

92
Q

3 rx for CRPS?

A
  1. early mobilization
  2. desensitization
  3. mirror box therapy
93
Q

Avoid ____ in CRPS!!!

A

ice

94
Q

For shoulder impingement, treat beyond that ____ !!!

A

GHJ

PHTH 565 - Sports (3 decks)

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