Sports and Society

Question 1

What were sports like before the 19th Century.

Answer 1

Occasional due to limited free time.
Uncoded - No rules
Local - limited transport.
Ritualised - Influence of pagan rituals and existing church.
Wagering - Betting
Violent and Cruel

Question 2

Agrarian Revolution - Early 19th century

Answer 2

Movement of workers from the countryside to larger towns.

Question 3

Industrial Revolution

Answer 3

Mechanisation meant that people started to migrate into towns and villages away from the land.

Question 4

Effect of industrial revolution

Answer 4

Increased power to the middle class.
Better wages for working class.
Country Prosperous - Financially flourishing

Question 5

Urban revolution

Answer 5

Massive rise in population

Industrial and commercially well-placed towns grew in size and national significance.

Question 6

3 factors in society that industrialisation affected.

Answer 6

Communication
Transport
Technology

Question 7

Effects of industrialisation

Answer 7

Less space for pre-industrial games
Long working hours - Less free time
Workers too tired for leisure activities.

Question 8

Popular recreation

Answer 8

Centred inn lower classes with gentry coexisting alongside peasant sports.Gentry determined whether these festivals flourished in the community.

Question 9

Amateur and professionalism

Answer 9

Rugby was amateur until 1995 for rugby union

Tennis had amateur and professionals until 1950

Question 10

Sports that women were allowed to play

Answer 10

Tennis,croquet and golf.

Question 11

Reason Women weren’t allowed to play.

Answer 11

Endanger childbirth
Too manly.
It was not expected that Victorian women should display their body.

Question 12

Clarendon Commission

Answer 12

Investigated 9 leading public schools in the wake of complaints about finances,buildings and management of Eton College.
Highlighted topics about bullying and fagging(doing chores for a senior pupil).

Question 13

Public schools act

Answer 13

Enabled british parliament to reform and regulate the first seven of the nine leading boarding schools.

Question 14

Athleticism

Answer 14

Muscular christian view of manliness reflecting physical endeavour and moral integrity.

Question 15

Social control

Answer 15

The idea that refers to the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems

Question 16

Growth of athleticism - 3 stages

Answer 16

Boys took local folk activities to school which meant there were regular fights,mob games,cricket and swimming in rivers.

1830 - New breed of headmasters linking Christianity the Greek model of mind,body and spirit.Thomas Arnold and headteachers would have led revised programmes with prefects (a senior pupil who is authorised to enforce discipline) and junior members of staff establishing basic rules.

Written rules were established.
Each school devised it’s own rules as to their facilities available.

Question 17

Sport in public schools

Answer 17

Teachers moved to obtain headship and spread their notion of sport.
Old boys continued to encourage athleticism in their old school.

Question 18

Sport for women

Answer 18

Hockey
Lacrosse
Lawn tennis

Question 19

Ox-bridge melting pot

Answer 19

Melting point - A combination of different things produces a new outcome.

Question 20

Establishment of GB’s

Answer 20

After uni young men drawn from the middle class went back to their factories and set up clubs for workers and friends.This led to businessman forming sport clubs in their workforce.

Question 21

Development of factory teams and professionalism

Answer 21

Owners felt able to spend on land to play these sports.