Sports Flashcards
Known to increase the deposition of fat in the female, esp breasts, hips, and subq tissue
Estrogen
The strength of a muscle is mainly determined by
Its size, wt a maximal contractile force bet 3&4 kg/cm2 of muscle cross-sectional area
Holding strength of muscles
If a muscle is already contracted and a force then attempts to stretch out the muscle, this requires abr 40% more force than can be achieved by a shortening contraction
A measure of the total amount of work that the muscle performs in a unit period of time
Power
Determined not only bu the strength of muscle contraction but also by its distance of contraction and the number of times that it contracts each min
Gen measured in kg-m/min
Efficiency
Less during rapid activity than during less rapid but sustained activity
Depends on the nutritive support for the muscle - on the amt of glycogen
Endurance
3 metab systems impt in understanding the limits of physical activity
- Phosphocreatine-creatine system
- Glycogen-lactic acid system
- Aerobic system
Combined amts of cell ATP & cell phosphocreatine; used for maximal short bursts of muscle power
Phosphagen energy system
Maximal rates of power gen per minute
phosphagen system: 4mol ATP/min
Glycogen-lactic acid system: 2.5mol ATP/min
Aerobic system: 1mol ATP/min
used by the muscle for power surges of a few seconds
Phosphagen system
Required for prolonged athletic activity
Aerobic system
Especially important for giving extra power during intermediate races
Glycogen-lactic acid system
Hormone secreted by the testes that has a powerful anabolic effect in causing greatly increased deposition of protein everywhere in the body, but the muscles
Testosterone
