Sports Flashcards
What are the signs/symptoms of concussion?
Head injury with the following: headache diplopia tinnitus amnesia loss of consciousness nausea
For how long should a player with a symptomatic concussion be held out of play for?
At least 24 hours, even if they have normal advanced imaging
What bundle of ACL does pivot shift test?
Posteromedial (bc it is tight in extension) - think posterior is tight in extension
What bundles of ACL does drawer and lachman’s test?
anteromedial bundle of ACL
What are the 2 bundles of ACL?
Anteromedial
Posterolateral
What length of graft do you want for ACL recon?
7cm
2cm in tibia, 2cm in femur, 3cm in between
What are the advantages of bone-patellar-bone grafts?
Faster healing
No need to take hamstrings
Can take however much patellar tendon as you want (thickness)
What are the disadvantages of bone-patellar-bone graft?
Risk of Anterior knee pain
Risk of patellar fracture
Risk of patellar tendon rupture
What ligaments connect PCL to LCL?
Humphrey’s (anterior)
Wrisberg (posterior)
What width of graft should you get from bone-patellar-bone?
11mm
in hamstrings, you get what you get in diameter
What will too vertical a tunnel in ACL reconstruction cause?
Rotatory instability & positive pivot shift
What is your femoral tunnel placement?
1-2mm rim of bone between tunnel and posterior condyle of femur
What are some rules of revision ACL reconstruction?
Use high strength grafts (BTB, hamstring)
Use 2 modality fixation (suspensory & interference screw)
Don’t use another BTB
With PCL injury, what angle of flexion do patients reports the most instability?
90 degrees (same as dial test)
What bundle of the PCL is tight in flexion?
Anterolateral (PAL)
What are the bundles of the PCL?
anterolateral
posteromedial
What kind of rehab should be done for ACL injuries?
Closed chain quadriceps strengthening
What are the management options for isolated PCL injury?
Non-op
If grade 3 (>10mm), quad strengthening with extension bracing
In PCL injuries, how do you reduce posterior sag?
Increase tibial slope (N=3deg)