SPORTHPE 104 Lecture 1 - Anatomical postions-2 Flashcards
What is the study of human anatomy primarily focused on?
The study of the bones, joints, and muscles.
What does the skeletal system encompass?
Bones, including their function, names, orientation, and landmarks.
What are the key components studied under joints in human anatomy?
Names, types, and movement associated.
What aspects of muscles are covered in human anatomy?
Names, types, structure, and movement associated, including origins and insertions.
What is the anatomical position?
Where all movement starts from; all joints are in a neutral position – 0 degrees.
What does ‘superior’ mean in anatomical terms?
Above or higher than another structure.
What does ‘inferior’ refer to in anatomy?
Below or lower than another structure.
Define ‘lateral’ in anatomical terms.
Farther from the midline of the body.
What does ‘medial’ mean?
Closer to the midline.
What does ‘anterior’ refer to?
Front of another structure.
What is the meaning of ‘posterior’?
Behind another structure.
Define ‘proximal’.
Closer to the trunk, usually in reference to arms and legs.
What does ‘distal’ mean?
Farther from the trunk, usually in reference to arms and legs.
What does ‘dorsal’ refer to in anatomy?
Top side or the posterior of the body.
What is meant by ‘volar’?
Down side or bottom aspect of a structure.
What is the volar aspect of the wrist/hand called?
Palmar.
What is the volar aspect of the foot called?
Plantar.
What is ‘pronation’ in forearm movement?
Turning the forearm toward the body.
Define ‘plantar flexion’.
Foot downward.
What does ‘inversion’ refer to?
Inward movement of the foot.
What is ‘supination’?
Reverse of pronation; forearm outward and palm upward.
Define ‘dorsiflexion’.
Foot upward.
What does ‘eversion’ mean?
Foot away from the other foot.
What are the three planes of muscle movement in the human body?
- Sagittal plane * Horizontal plane * Frontal plane
What characterizes the sagittal plane?
Anterior-posterior plane; creates a left and right side.
What is the horizontal plane also known as?
Transverse plane; creates a top and bottom.
What does the frontal plane do?
Passes from one side of the body to the other, creating a front and back.
What are the axes associated with human body movement?
- Frontal horizontal axis * Sagittal horizontal axis * Vertical axis
What is ‘flexion’ in terms of joint movement?
Decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint (sagittal plane).
Define ‘extension’.
Increasing the angle between two bones at the joint (sagittal plane).
What is ‘hyperextension’?
Movement past the anatomical position.
What does ‘adduction’ refer to?
Movement towards the midline (frontal plane).
What is ‘abduction’?
Movement away from the midline (frontal plane).
What are the types of rotation in the horizontal plane?
- External (lateral) * Internal (medial)
What is ‘circumduction’?
Movement in joints that can create movement in 2 or 3 planes.
