sport science study Flashcards
What is a joint?
A joint is where two or more bones meet and are classified based on movement.
Name the three types of joints.
- Fibrous (immovable)
- Cartilaginous (slightly movable)
- Synovial (freely movable)
What is the function of ligaments?
Ligaments connect bone to bone and stabilize joints.
Give an example of a hinge joint.
- Knee
- Elbow
- Fingers
- Toes
What is a ball-and-socket joint?
A joint that allows movement in multiple directions, e.g., shoulder and hip.
What is a pivot joint?
A joint that allows rotational movement, e.g., neck (between the first and second cervical vertebrae).
What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?
Axial and Appendicular skeleton.
What bones make up the axial skeleton?
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Ribs
- Sternum
What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
- Arms
- Legs
- Shoulder girdle
- Pelvic girdle
Name three functions of the skeleton.
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Mineral storage
- Blood cell production
What is the largest bone in the human body?
Femur.
What is the smallest bone in the human body?
Stapes (found in the ear).
What are the three types of muscle?
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
What is the function of skeletal muscles?
Voluntary movement of the skeleton.
What are fast-twitch fibers used for?
Short bursts of power and speed, fatigue quickly.
What are slow-twitch fibers used for?
Endurance activities, fatigue resistant.
What is the role of an agonist muscle?
The primary muscle responsible for movement.
What is the role of an antagonist muscle?
The muscle that relaxes to allow movement.
What is the Sliding Filament Theory?
The process explaining how muscles contract through the interaction of actin and myosin filaments.
What are the three main sections of the respiratory system?
- Air passages
- Lungs
- Diaphragm
What is the function of alveoli?
Site for gas exchange (Oxygen in, Carbon Dioxide out).
What happens during inhalation?
Diaphragm contracts, rib cage expands, air moves into lungs.
What happens during exhalation?
Diaphragm relaxes, rib cage contracts, air is expelled from the lungs.
What is the function of the trachea?
Also known as the windpipe, it directs air to the lungs.
What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?
It contracts to increase lung volume during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
- Left atrium
- Right atrium
- Left ventricle
- Right ventricle
What are the three types of blood vessels?
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
What is the function of red blood cells?
Transport oxygen throughout the body.
What is the function of white blood cells?
Fight infections and protect the body from pathogens.
What is the function of the aorta?
It carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
What is the function of capillaries?
They allow gas exchange between blood and tissues.
