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GCSE Sports Science > Sport science revision > Flashcards

Sport science revision Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a skill

A

learned ability to bring about result you want with minimum effort

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2
Q

what are the classifications of skills

A 
basic 
complexed 
open
closed 
high organisation skill 
low organisation skill
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3
Q

whats the name of a ‘simple action’ skill and give an e.g

A

Basic skill- does not require much concentration e.g throwing and catching ball

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4
Q

whats the name of a ‘difficult’ skill and give an e.g

A

complexed- long time to learn due to high level of conc and coordination e.g pole vault

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5
Q

must learn ______ skills before mastering _______ skill

A

must learn basic skills before mastering complexed skills

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6
Q

what is an open skill

A

changing environment which players should adapt to changing situation

real game situation

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7
Q

close skills

A

not affected by environment and skill stays the same e.g trampoline routine. same every-time

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8
Q

what type of skill can be broken down into many phases and give an e.g

A

low organisation skill e.g breast stroke (practice legs separate to arms)

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9
Q

what type of skill cannot easily be broken down into many phases and give an e.g

A

high organisation skill e.g diving routine

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10
Q

what are the types of practices

A

massed
fixed
distributed
variable

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11
Q

what type of practice is practising skill continuously without stopping

A

massed

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12
Q

what is massed practice and what skill does it improve

A

practising skill continuously without stopping which improves basic skills

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13
Q

what type of practice is repeating the same movement in one situation over and over again

A

fixed

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14
Q

what is fixed practice and what skill does it improve

A

repeating the same movement in one situation over and over again

closed skills

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15
Q

what type of practice is practising with breaks to allow for rest

A

distributed

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16
Q

what is distributed practice and what skill does it improve

A

practising with breaks to allow for rest

complexed

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17
Q

what type of practice is repeating a technique in different situations

A

variable

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18
Q

what is variable practice and what skill does it improve

A

repeating a technique in different situations

open skills

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19
Q

what are the types of goals

A 
short term (weeks/months) 
long term (years)
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20
Q

what increases as a goal is set

A

motivation

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21
Q

what type of target optimises performance

A 
S-pecific 
M-easurable 
A-chievable 
R-ealistic 
T-ime bound
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22
Q

what is feedback

A

information about their performance

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23
Q

what are the types of feedbacks

A

extrinsic
intrinsic
concurrent
terminal

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24
Q

what type of feedback comes from an outside source and give an e.g

A

extrinsic e.g coach

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25
Q

what type of feedback comes from performer themselves

A

intrinsic

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26
Q

what type of feedback is given at the time of performance and give an e.g

A

concurrent e.g shouting from sideline

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27
Q

what type of feedback is given at the end of performance and give an e.g

A

terminal

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28
Q

what is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback

A 
extrinsic = coach 
intrinsic = performer themselves
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29
Q

what is the difference between concurrent and terminal feedback

A 
conCURRENT = during performance 
terminal = after performance
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30
Q

what is terminal feedback

A

feedback given after performance

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31
Q

sportsmanship

A

qualities of fairness, following the rules and showing sporting etiquette

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32
Q

gamesmanship

A

bending rules of sport without breaking them

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33
Q

deviance

A

behaviour that falls out the norm of acceptable. Goes against morals of sport

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34
Q

what are the types of deviance

A

positive and negative

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35
Q

whats an example of deviance in sport

A

sports enhancing drugs

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36
Q

what is match fixing and which type of deviance does this fall under

A

betting or bribing players to have a certain outcome. Negative deviance

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37
Q

what is the difference between neg and pos deviance

A

neg deviance is breaking rules on purpose

pos deviance is breaking rules by accident or without knowing

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38
Q

what is an example of positive deviance

A

overtraining

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39
Q

arousal

A

activation of alertness and focus

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40
Q

what is the inverted U theory

A

low arousal = low performance
medium arousal = high performance (OPTIMAL POINT OF AROUSAL)
high arousal = low performance

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41
Q

what is guidance

A

info given to learner to limit mistakes

42
Q

what are the types of guidance

A

visual
verbal
manual
mechanical

43
Q

qualitative

A

people opinions

44
Q

quantitative

A

measured amounts

45
Q

describe visual guidance and give + and -

A

demonstration/videos

+ all levels of performance
+ copy example
+ good for inexperienced performers

  • must be good quality
  • some skills could be too complexed to demonstrate
46
Q

describe verbal guidance and give + and -

A

info given that they hear

+ use-full fro high level performers
+ useful for sharing basic info/instructions

  • info overload
  • boring
  • noisy
  • complexed thing are difficult to explain
47
Q

describe manual guidance and give + and -

A

physically moving performer into correct position

+ good for beginners
+ develops correct feel

  • performer may not think they are performing on their own
  • movements might feel different when someones moving you
48
Q

describe mechanical guidance and give + and -

A

using equipment to assist

+ good for dangerous skills
+ gain feel of movement
+ builds confidence

  • expensive
  • performer can reply on aid
49
Q

what is mental rehearsal

A

forming a mental picture of skill/technique you are about to preform

50
Q

what are benefits of mental rehearsal

A

increases concentration
increases confidence
reduces anxiety
multi sensory

51
Q

what is a vital part of mental preparation and why

A

warm up to socialise, be physically prepared, gain confidence, calm discussion of targets, create goals

52
Q

what are benefits of mental preparation

A
  • help concentrate
  • increase confidence
  • develop existing skills
53
Q

what’s the difference between massed and fixed practise

A

massed practise is continuous best for basic skills

fixed practise is repeating something over and over again best for closed skills as the environment is not affected

54
Q

what is passive smoking

A

breathing in someone elses smoke

55
Q

risk of smoking

A

asthma
heart attack
heart disease
lung cancer

56
Q

what does regular activity level prevent us from

A 
obesity 
coronary heart disease 
high bp
type 2 diabetes 
osteoporosis
57
Q

Consequences of sedentary lifestyle

A

diabetes
coronary heart disease
high blood pressure

58
Q

what is overfat, overweight and obese

A

overweight = weighing more than normal e.g muslces or fat

over fat = body composition of too much fat

59
Q

what is optimum weight

A

preform at the most efficient level

60
Q

what is health

A

complete emotional, physical and social wellbeing

61
Q

benefits of exercise: emotional

A 
serotonin = feel good hormone 
stress relief
endorphins 
boost self esteem and confidence 
enjoy movement 
aesthetic appreciation
62
Q

regular participation of children and adults

A

adults 5 x 30 minutes a week

children 7 x 60 minutes a week

63
Q

benefits of exercise: Physical

A

increase : CV fitness,
decrease: risk of CHD
decrease : stroke

bradycardia ( less than 60 bpm): low resting hr = left ventricle strengthen = more blood per contraction

decrease : type 2 diabetes

decrease: osteoporosis
increase: muscular endurance

64
Q

What is Angina

A

chest pain caused when your arteries dont get enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart due to fatty substance build up

65
Q

benefits of exercise: Social

A 
increase social health 
cooperation 
friendship 
teamwork 
good attitude for competition (takes wining and loosing well)
66
Q

why is goal setting important

A

monitor progress
identify if training is working
identify strength and weaknesses

67
Q

Negative effects of exercise on wellbeing

A

overtraining effects : anorexia, poor immunity, fatigue, chronic injury, decrease performance

68
Q

consequences of sedentary life style

A

overfat, obese, depression, osteoporosis, high bp, diabetes, coronary heat disease,

69
Q

what does # of calories in depend on

A

age
gender
height
expenditure of energy

70
Q

components of a balanced diet

A

Macros
minerals
vitamins
fibre

71
Q

Vit A

A

eyes

hand eye co ordination

72
Q

Vit B1

A

converted into energy

73
Q

Vit C

A

prevent illnesses

immunity

74
Q

Vit D

A

bone health

75
Q

Potassium

A

hydration : regulates fluid

76
Q

Iron

A

o2 carriage

77
Q

calcium

A

Bone strength

78
Q

1 calorie =

A

raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree

79
Q

calories for adult male and female per day

A 
male = 2,500 
female = 2,000
80
Q

% of Macros per day

A 
cbh= 55%
fat= 30%
protein= 15%
81
Q

fibre

A

aids with digestion

veg, nuts

82
Q

micronutrients

A

nutrients required in small quantities like vit and minerals

83
Q

what is the aim of carbohydrate loading

A

maximise cbh stores prior to endurance event.

The body normally limits the amount of cbh that can be stored, converting excess cbh into fat stores. CBH loading is a method of dietary manipulation to try and get around this to allow the performer to increase glycogen stores.

84
Q

factors effecting optimum weight

A

sex, heigh, bone structure, muscle girth

85
Q

in which sports is optimum weight important in

A

gymnastics
boxing
horse racing

86
Q

steps of CBH load

A
  • 2-4 days before event
  • reduce exercise
  • high cbh diet
87
Q

what is the window of opportunity

A

protein should be consumed no longer than 30 minutes after exercise to optimise protein synthesis and therefor muscle growth.

88
Q

what does dehydration cause

A

fatigue, dizziness, nausea, heat stroke

89
Q

hydration for sport

A

when we sweat during physics activity we loose water and salt.

90
Q

how to avoid dehydration when playing sport

A

electrolyte infused energy drinks

2 hours before
just before
during
after

91
Q

litres of water a day

A

2-3

92
Q

what is mental rehearsal

A

mentally practicing a skill before physically doing it

93
Q

benefits of mental rehearsal

A

develop existing skills
increase focus on task
reduce anxiety
build confidence

94
Q

what influences engagement patterns

A 
gender 
age 
socio economic groups (ability to pay for things) 
ethnicity
disability
95
Q

impact of factors on participation: female

A

on average:

  • female participation is lower in sport
  • greater drop out rate (of sport) in female teenagers
  • stereo type of tomboy
  • media coverage
96
Q

impact of factors on participation: age

A

on average:

  • older age = less active
  • teenagers with exam pressure or work pressure
97
Q

impact of factors on participation: socio economical group

A

on average

  • access to coaching/clubs/facilities
  • disposable income
  • ## fees/ transport fees
98
Q

impact of factors on participation: ethnicity

A
  • over and under representation in sport
  • position = “stacking”

in football, white athletes tend to be goalkeepers where as non white footballers would be presented in wing positions because they’re seen and assumed to be more of a speed athlete.

-admin and coaching

99
Q

impact of factors on participation: disability

A
  • access to venues
  • specialised equipment
  • competition
100
Q

commercialisation

A

using something (sport) to make profit

GCSE Sports Science (1 decks)

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