sport psychology review

Question 1

What is task goal orientation?

Answer 1

• Focus on improvement relative to one’s own past performances.
• Athlete wants to see improvement

Question 2

intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation

Answer 2

doing something because you enjoy it vs. doing something because you get a reward

Question 3

what is catastrophe theory

Answer 3

When increases in physiological arousal occur in the presence of cognitive anxiety, a sudden drop (rather than a gradual decline) in performance occurs.

Question 4

what happens to someone who has excess state anxiety

Answer 4

muscle tension
attentional problems

Question 5

what is the entity view of goal perspectives

Answer 5

view their ability primarily as fixed

Question 6

achievement motivation

Answer 6

a desire for significant accomplishment

Question 7

self esteem

Answer 7

how you feel about yourself

Question 8

confidence

Answer 8

firm belief in yourself

Question 9

self concept

Answer 9

our understanding and evaluation of who we are

Question 10

competitiveness

Answer 10

a disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others

Question 11

Which of these self-generated emotions was associated with increases in performance?

Answer 11

happiness
anger

Question 12

Sport psychology specialists have three roles. They are

Answer 12

teaching, researching, and consulting

Question 13

Define competition- coakley

Answer 13

social process that occurs when rewards are given to people for how their performance compares with others doing the same task/event

Question 14

what are behaviors connected to a cooperative learning environment

Answer 14

positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, social skills, and group processing.

Question 15

Of all the experimental games used by psychologists to study the effects of competition and cooperation, the most often-used game is

Answer 15

prisoners dilemma

Question 16

Big Five Personality Traits

Answer 16

is a model based on common language descriptors of personality.

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Question 17

what theorist created competence motivation theory

Answer 17

Susan Harter

Question 18

what is the interactional view of motivation
what are the 2 driving factors

Answer 18

contends that motivation results neither solely from participant factors nor solely from situational factors, but instead how to two cooperate

trait and situational

Question 19

self-determination theory
what is the driving force?

Answer 19

the theory proposes motivation exists on a continuum from amotivation to intrinsic motivation, with amotivation having the lowest levels of self determination and intrinsic motivation having the highest degree of self-determination

intrinsic motivation

Question 20

what does attribution retraining focus on

Answer 20

the reasons for failure onto internal, unstable and controllable factors.

Question 21

What did Edward deci research focus on

Answer 21

people need autonomy, competence, and relatedness in order to feel intrinsic motivation

Question 22

what can be used to change undesirable motives

Answer 22

behavior modification

Question 23

what is the trait approach to personality

Answer 23

based on identifying, measuring and describing these traits in individuals,

Question 24

What is the ultimate goal of science

Answer 24

a theory

Question 25

What is sport and exercise psychology?

Answer 25

The scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise activities and the practical application.

Question 26

what is the study done by sorriento and shepard about

Answer 26

knowing only personal characteristics of the athletes is sufficient to predict performance.

Question 27

What is the inverted U hypothesis?

Answer 27

Performance rises as arousal levels rise, up to an optimum point, after which the person becomes over-aroused and their performance level decreases.

Question 28

what would provide the most incentive to a person who is a high achiever

Answer 28

a setting offering a 50/50 chance of success

Question 29

what is the focus of reversal theory

Answer 29

to increase hedonic tone (pleasure seeking) and not to increase or decrease arousal

Question 30

4 levels of sports specific perfectionism

Answer 30

personal standards, concern over mistakes, perceived parental pressure, and perceived coach pressure

Question 31

what is self competition

Answer 31

a standard for comparison it can be an idealized past performance, and idealized performance level or another individuals performance

Question 32

what is it called when baseball players are getting into conflict

Answer 32

aggression or decompetition

Question 33

why is there an increased level of performance when individuals compete rather than alone

Answer 33

participants feel the need to try harder because their partners depend on them, and their increased anxiety positively influenced their performance.

Question 34

what do educational sport psychologist specialize in

Answer 34

sport and exercise science, physical education, and kinesiology, and the psychology of human movement

Question 35

someone excited to compete and someone who dreads it is an example of what

Answer 35

subjective competitive situation

Question 36

how are competitive team sports classified in the book

Answer 36

cooperative means-competitive ends

Question 37

when is performance feedback best received

Answer 37

typically provided after the completion of a response

Question 38

Erwin Apitzsch used the psychodynamic approach on athletes to modify what?

Answer 38

to help performers better cope with stress and anxiety.

Question 39

What can be done to prevent extrinsic motivation undermine intrinsic motivation

Answer 39

understand what conditions extrinsic rewards can negatively affect intrinsic motivation

Question 40

what other areas could we praise or reward

Answer 40

appropriate behavior, successful approximations, performance, effort, emotional and social skills