Sport Psychology Flashcards
(29 cards)
What causes the threat? (i.e., choking)
Ego depletion and denied recognition
How do sport psychologists define choking?
choking happens when you are firmly in command of your performance or the competition and you lose because of a change in your mental state
Choking under pressure: The role of fear of negative evaluation
Purpose: to determine the degree to which FNE may predispose athletes to choking
Method: 138 ball players completed a set of questionnaires. 32 athletes were categorized as either low or high FNE, and they were asked to perform basketball shots from the five different areas of the courier under low and high pressure stages. Shooting performance was evaluated
Conclusion: FNE is an important psychological characteristic of the choking susceptible athlete.
Anxiety, Attentional Control, and performance impairment in penalty kicks
Method: 14 male uni standard football players with competitive playing experience. They were attached to the Mobile Eye Gaze
Conclusion: experienced footballers looked at the goal keeper significantly earlier, and more often, and for longer periods when anxious, with these changes in attentional control negatively influencing resultant shot placement.
What is the conceptual framework for the home advantage research?
game location, game location factors, critical psychological states, critical behaviour states, and performance outcome.
What sport doesn’t get affected by the home advantage?
Alpine Skiing
What did Courneya and Carron (1990) find for the Rules
No HA from batting last.
What did Courneya and Carron (1992) find for Travel
Increased time zones cross, and decreased time between games increases the HA but only by 1%
Agnew and Carron: Crowd…what did they find?
Crown density explained 1% of the variance in the HA
What is the difference between crowd density and crowd size?
Crowd size is just like lots of people sparse in the stadium. Crowd density is a really dense crowd, no spaces/empty seats.
Terry, Walrond and Carron (1998): Competitiors’ States
Decreased: tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and increased vigor and self confidence at home rather than away.
Dennis and Carron (1998a): Coaches’ Strategies
Coaches reported they used more defensive fore-checking approach on the road than at home.
Did you know?
Alert shirt from Foxtel. The shirt that lets football fans feel the hit.
Self-presentation (also called impression management)
refers to the process by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others form of them.
Private Self -Presentation
Occurs entirely at the cognitive level (self is the audience)
Public self presentation
is always overt behaviour (other people are the audience)
Self presentation goals
- maximize one’s reward-cost ration - social and material outcomes
- self esteem enhancement and maintenance - compliments vs criticism
- development of identity - create and maintain a particular identity
Leary and Kowalski’s (1990) two component model
impression motivation - desire to create a particular impression
impression construction - the kind of impression management tactics that are used to make the desired impression.
Self-presentaiton research in sport has focused on…?
social physique and anxiety and self-handicapping
Explain self-handicapping (Jones and Berglas 1978)
a proactive attributional strategy that is sometimes used before performance to increase personal responsibility for success and decrease person responsibility for failure
what kind of behaviour is associated with self handicapping?
altering the amount or quality of practice
creating or exaggerating physical problems such as illness or injury
focusing on real or imagined character flaws
explain the study Jones and Berglas did in 1978
Undergraduate psychology students took two intelligence tests, and after they received feedback that they answered between 70-80% of the questions correctly. Half the group was given contingent feedback and the other non-contingent feedback. Following the feedback subjects were given the opportunity to ingest one of two (placebo)drugs. Activil which enhances your intellectual ability and pandocrin which inhibits your performance. Subjects in the non-contingent group self-handicapped by ingesting pandocrin. This way they could blame the drug rather than their lack of ability should they fail.
Self-handicapping among competitive athletes (Rhowhalt, Salesman, Wittmer 1984)
members of a university swimming team were evaluated to see self-handicapping strategies. coaches were blind to this study. HSH didn’t increase their practice times or efforts vs LSH did.
Social Physique Anxiety, Body Esteem and Social Anxiety in body builders and self reported anabolic steroid users
185 male participants completed measures on body dissatisfaction, upper body strength scale, SPA and fear of negative evaluation scale. Study suggests that steroid use may play a role in increasing positive feelings about upper body features decreasing feeling about SPA.
