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sport psych final Flashcards

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1
Q

moderate exercise

A

fairly intense, sustainable for long periods

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2
Q

vigorous exercise

A

intense, not sustainable for long periods

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3
Q

epidemiology

A

study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why

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4
Q

where does PA rank as a lifestyle behaviour for reducing the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases?

A

2 after smoking

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5
Q

what are the adult Canada PA guidelines?

A

150 min MVPA a week + muscle strengthening twice a week

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6
Q

what are the PA guidelines for children?

A

60 mins MVPA + muscle and bone strengthening

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7
Q

what is the current estimate of adult Canadians meeting PA guidelines?

A

16% meet guidelines

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8
Q

which segment of the adult population is more likely to meet PA guidelines?

A

men aged 18-64 and women 65-79

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9
Q

current estimate of post-secondary students can meet guidelines? and who is more likely

A

61% students; female, 20+, white, new students

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10
Q

current cost of physical INactivity in Canada?

A

6.8 billion

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11
Q

sedentary behaviour guidelines for adult Canadians

A

8 hr or less, no more than 3 hr recreational screen time

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12
Q

current estimate of adult Canadians meeting sedentary behaviour guidelines

A

12%

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13
Q

t or f: sitting is the new smoking

A

false

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14
Q

anaerobic exercise

A

short term/burst activities not involving the transportation of oxygen (oxygen is not the source of fuel)

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15
Q

examples of anaerobic exercises

A

weightlifting, pilates

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16
Q

aerobic exercise

A

longer-term activities that increase pulmonary and cardiorespiratory system activity

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17
Q

examples of aerobic exercise

A

cycling, running

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18
Q

acute exercise

A

short term, temporary: effects arising from a single bout of exercise

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19
Q

chronic exercise

A

long-term, consistent, overtime; effects arising from regular exercise over month-years

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20
Q

mood

A

transient, fluctuating states that can be positive or negative, generally defined as a state of emotional arousal of varying, temporary duration

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21
Q

what are some psychological impacts of exercise on mood?

A

-enhanced feeling of control
-competency
-positive social interactions
-fun and enjoyment

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22
Q

relationship between exercise and anxiety

A

-regular exercise -> reduced anxiety

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23
Q

why does exercise help with anxiety?

A

-disrupts HPA
-improves cortisol response

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24
Q

relationship between exercise and depression

A

-helps reduce symptoms
-both aerobic and anaerobic help

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25
Q

cognition

A

mental processes involved in how the brain uses information

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26
Q

which type of exercise helps with cognition?

A

acute aerobic exercise (increases executive functioning)

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27
Q

what is quality of life?

A

person’s behavioural functioning ability

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28
Q

what is body image

A

subjective picture of an individual’s own body, irrespective of how one’s body actually looks

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29
Q

how does body image develop?

A

-neurophysiological pathways (childhood)
-sociocultural influences
-cognitive factors

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30
Q

cognitive body image

A

thoughts and beliefs about the body

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31
Q

perceptual body image

A

perceived body shape and size

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32
Q

affective body image

A

feelings about the body

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33
Q

behavioural body image

A

actions taken to alter, conceal or accept the body

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34
Q

cognitive body image distortion

A

concerns about body appearance

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35
Q

perceptual body image distortion

A

inaccuracy of body shape/size with actual proportions

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36
Q

affective body image distortions

A

developed body dis/satisfaction

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37
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

recurrent, persistent concern about the body, often centred around imagined/minor defects in physical appearance

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38
Q

social physique anxiety

A

an effective response involving concern about how your body is perceived by others

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39
Q

men viewing body-focused media

A

-decreased body satisfaction
-didn’t improve reasons to exercise
-increased muscular ideal body type
-reduced health-related exercise

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40
Q

women viewing body-focused media

A

-increased negative mood
-not improve exercise behaviour
-increased body dissatisfaction

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41
Q

social comparison theory

A

individuals determine their position in their social world, in particular for the characteristics they value, by comparing themselves with others

42
Q

upward social comparison

A

compare the self with others of a higher standard

43
Q

downward social comparison

A

compare the self with others in lower standard

44
Q

lateral social comparison

A

compare the self with similar others

45
Q

exercise dependence

A

persons exercise excessively and obsessively to the point of dependence and often injury/illness

46
Q

primary exercise dependence

A

exercise is an end in itself

47
Q

secondary exercise dependence

A

exercise is a symptom of another condition (ex eating disorder)

48
Q

dangers of excessive exercise

A

-high anxiety
-negative mood
-weight preoccupation
-low self-esteem
-risk injury

49
Q

PA barriers

A

-behavioural
-situations/circumstances
-real or perceived
-may change in response to a situation
-health issues
-lack of motivation
-lack of knowledge

50
Q

public policy level

A

national, provincial, and local laws and regulations (ex. parks and pathways)

51
Q

community/environment level

A

organizational relationships, physical and cultural norms (green spaces, poor sanitation)

52
Q

organizational level

A

organizations, social institutions (no community organizations, non-profit)

53
Q

interpersonal level

A

families, friends, social networks

54
Q

individual level

A

knowledge, attitudes, skills

55
Q

social cognitive framework

A

formation of behavioural expectancy -> engage in behaviour based on behavioural expectancy

56
Q

behavioural expectancy

A

likelihood of a desired outcome occurring as a result of engaging in a specific behaviour

57
Q

inflation theory

A

focus is on NEW behaviours (uptake behaviours)

58
Q

adherence theory

A

focus is on maintenance and life cycle of behaviour

59
Q

change theory

A

focus is on changing existing behaviour

60
Q

social cognitive theory

A

behavioural processes, environmental processes and personal processes interact to determine the outcome of exercise behaviour

61
Q

what is the aim of social cognitive theory

A

aim is to demonstrate how individuals determine their behaviour by controlling and reinforcing it

62
Q

principles of social cognitive theory

A

-self-efficacy
-expectations
-reinforcements
-reciprocal determinism
-behavioural capability
-observational learning

63
Q

theory of planned behaviour

A

attitudes, instrumental, behavioural and affect & subjective norms & perceived behavioural control -> behavioural intention -> behaviour

64
Q

why is the theory of planned behaviour useful?

A

effective for describing relationships between thoughts and behavioural intentions

65
Q

transtheoretical model includes…

A

not thinking -> thinking, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse -> stable improved lifestyle

66
Q

psychological skills training

A

systematic and consistent practice of mental or psychological skills to enhance performance, increase enjoyment or achieve greater self-satisfaction

67
Q

mental toughness

A

individuals’ ability to focus, rebound from failure, cope with pressure and persist in the face of adversity

68
Q

what are the 4 C’s of mental toughness

A

control, commitment, confidence, challenge

68
Q

PST phases

A

-education
-acquisition
-practice

69
Q

PST education phase

A

athletes recognize the importance of mental skills and their impact on performance

70
Q

PST acquisition phase

A

athletes acquire various psychological skills and learn to employ them

71
Q

PST practice phase

A

athletes implement skills in practice and competition

72
Q

behavioural skills (PST)

A

behaviour and body controls including arousal regulation and motor skill rehearsal

73
Q

cognitive skills (PST)

A

attention and concentration
mental rehearsal and imagery
self-monitoring

74
Q

affective/emotional skills (PST)

A

relationship between performance and anxiety, self-confidence and self-efficacy

75
Q

self-confidence

A

certainty of success

76
Q

self-efficacy

A

certainty of skill and ability

77
Q

motivational skills (PST)

A

skills that encourage individuals to improve desire to complete a task/skill/performance

78
Q

interpersonal skills (PST)

A

skills that involve effective interactions with others including coaches, teammates, officials and opponents

79
Q

injury

A

trauma to the body that results in at least temporary but sometimes permanent physical disability and inhibition of motor function

80
Q

physical factors to injury

A

muscle imbalance, overtraining, fatigue, failure to differentiate discomfort and pain

81
Q

social factors to injury

A

attitudes and norms, overemphasizing acting tough

82
Q

psychological factors for injury

A

personality, cognitive and behavioural factors, stress levels

83
Q

what is the most consistent antecedent of athletic injury?

A

stress

84
Q

attentional disruption

A

stress disrupts an athlete’s attention, which leads to distraction

85
Q

physiological components of injury

A

increases hormones that impair movement of immune cells to the injury site and interfere with removal of damaged tissue

86
Q

catecholamines impact what stress pattern

A

SAM-acute stress

87
Q

glucocorticoids impact what stress pattern

A

HPA-prolonged stress

88
Q

3 phases of the injury rehabilitation process

A
  1. injury/illness
  2. rehabilitation and recovery
  3. return to full activity
89
Q

roles of Sport Psychology in rehabilitation

A
  1. reaction to injury (help individual understand injury)
  2. reaction to rehabilitation (focuses attention to sustain motivation)
  3. reaction to returning to sport
90
Q

predictors of adherence to injury

A

-personal attributes
-environmental characteristics
-effective adherence interventions

91
Q

mindfulness training

A

focus on thoughts, feelings and sensory info without self-judgement

92
Q

overtraining

A

short cycle of training during which athletes expose themselves to excessive training loads that are near maximum capacity

93
Q

periodized training

A

deliberate strategy of exposing athletes to high-volume and high-intensity training loads that are followed by a lower training load

94
Q

staleness

A

physiological state of overthinking, which manifests as deteriorated athletic readiness

95
Q

burnout

A

physical, emotional and social withdrawal from a formerly enjoyable activity characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment and devaluation

96
Q

exhaustion

A

physical and emotional- lost concern, energy, interest

97
Q

depersonalization and devaluation

A

acting impersonal and unfeeling

98
Q

self-determination theory

A

need: autonomy, competence and relatedness to affect motivation & failure to have these increases likelihood of burnout

99
Q

strategies to treat burnout

A

monitor stress level
communicate feelings
relaxation

sport psych final (1 decks)

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