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History of Sports > Sport in ancient world > Flashcards

Sport in ancient world Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 4 sources of evidence

A

Written, primary/secondary, archaeological, and ephigraphical

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2
Q

Eye witness vs second witness accounts are what time of evidence

A

Primary/secondary

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3
Q

Name examples of material records

A

Ruins, equipment,painting, statues

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4
Q

Name examples of ephigraphical records

A

Writing carved into stone or wood

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5
Q

What is wrong with the phayllus of crotona’s record long jump of 55 ft?

A

We cannot determine the source therefore unbelievable. What was there source of measurement?

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6
Q

What happened to Pheidippides and the marathon

A

He ran 26 miles from the city Marathon to Athens to announce Greek victory before collapsing dead

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7
Q

Name a few sports played in ancient Egypt

A

Wrestling,boxing,fencing, swimming, rowing, running, jumping, weight lifting, archery, horseback

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8
Q

Who was Amenophis II, King of Egypt?

A

Warrior and athlete- best row-boater

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9
Q

What country held “Funeral Games”

A

Ireland and Greece

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10
Q

Who was Patroclus?

A

Homers cousin

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11
Q

Homers work s the first evidence of what?

A

Athletic competition in western literature

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12
Q

Homers atheletes were

A

Aristoi- unequal. Only aristocratic men

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13
Q

Homers athletic games were connected to

A

Religious celebrations and for entertainment

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14
Q

Discuss homers athletic contests

A

Martial, local, durable

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15
Q

Define “local” sports

A

Rules varied from location to location

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16
Q

Name homers 5 concepts in Greek civilization

A 
Agon
Arête
Athlon(prize for contest)
Athlos (a contest for a prize)
Athlete
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17
Q

Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Olympic Games

A 
776 bc
Olympia
Zeus
Olive
Every 4 years
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18
Q

Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Pythian games

A 
582 bc
Delphi
Apollo
Laurel
Every 4 years
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19
Q

Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Isthmian games

A 
582 bc
Corinth
Poseidon
Pine
Every 2 years
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20
Q

Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Nemean games

A 
573 bc
Nemean
Zeus
Wild celery
Every 2 years
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21
Q

Amentum

A

leather strap attached to javelin

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22
Q

stade

A

unit of length (600 meters)

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23
Q

Balabis

A

starting line of a race

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24
Q

Halteres

A

hand weights used for long jump

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25
Q

kampter

A

turning post

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26
Q

skamma

A

jumping pit

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27
Q

strigil

A

blade to wipe off sweat

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28
Q

Hellanodikai

A

judges

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29
Q

ekecheiria

A

“holding out of hands” ; truce in honor of Zeus

30
Q

Phyllobolia

A

flowers and gifts

31
Q

altis

A

sacred spot

32
Q

spondorophoi

A

messengers who carried the word of the truce and announced the date of the games all over the Greek world.

33
Q

stephantic

A

local athletic contests with no cash prizes

34
Q

Zanes

A

statues of zeus

35
Q

agonothetai

A

producers of Games

36
Q

Elis

A

Greek city to hold first Olympic games

37
Q

chermatic

A

local region where money was rewarded

38
Q

significance of Olympic games

A 
durable
ethnocentric
unequal
specialized
greek unifying force
measurement of space and time
cultural propaganda
39
Q

Herian Games

A

every 4 years in Olympia
unmarried women
in honor of Hera, goddess of marriage and women

40
Q

What is the significance of the Herian games?

A

transitional right of passage for women

sparta granted women opportunity to compete (strong women birth strong babies) [eugenics]

41
Q

What caused the end of ancient greek olympic games?

A

Roman empire embraces Christianity;

Emperor Theodosius outlawed games because they were pagan festivals

42
Q

thermaes

A

indoor spas; blue print for modern day gyms

43
Q

ludi

A

Roman term for play, entertainment, fun

44
Q

agon

A

Greek term for contest, war battle

45
Q

phersu

A

a blindfolded warrior and a starved wild dog were leashed together

46
Q

biggest influence of Roman games

A

Etruscans

47
Q

name 3 Ludi Romani

A

circuses, naumachia, munera

48
Q

Circus maximus

A

Roman hippodrome

49
Q

Why did the Romans stage brutal games?

A
  • social and political unity
  • all Romans could participate in violence that built empire
  • politics and social structure shaped ruling classes that provided necessities and entertainment
  • poor masses were not at bottom of social structure
  • spectators desensitized by violence
  • warnings to outsiders; prevent rebellion and warfare
  • lesson for everyone that cruelty kept empire intact
50
Q

Secutores

A

Standard gladiator armed with sword and shield

51
Q

Retiari

A

Gladiator armed with a net and trident

52
Q

Gladiator armed with two short daggers

A

Dimachaeri

53
Q

Single gladiator fought on horseback

A

Eques

54
Q

Calervari

A

Teams of gladiators on horseback

55
Q

Anabatae

A

Gladiator blindfolded on horseback

56
Q

Gladiator trained in the art of killing wild beast

A

Beastieari

57
Q

Holomochi

A

Prisoner

58
Q

Clonista

A

Owner of gladiators

59
Q

Triones

A

Rookies/first timers

60
Q

Veterani

A

Successful veterans

61
Q

Charon

A

Man dressed as a death God in a scary mask

62
Q

4 sources for origins or sport and PE

A

War, hunting, religion, and fun

63
Q

Physical features that make humans excellent sportsmen

A

Free hand, Opposable thumbs, upright posture, bipedal motions, color vision

64
Q

Intellectual features that make humans good sportsmen

A

Brains, manipulate environment, language, negotiate, develop social skills

65
Q

Social features of human beings learned through sport

A

Group behavior, food sharing, social learning

66
Q

Three major theme ideas for sports/games

A

Transcend time and space, exist and flourish, bring people together and also divide

67
Q

Ancient Olympic Games existed between what years?

A

776 bc to 394 ad =1,170 years

68
Q

5 basic characteristic of Pre Modern Sport

A

Local, durable, sacred, martial, unequal

69
Q

In what ways were Ancient Greek Olympic Games discriminatory?

A

Gender, nationality, skill level, social class

70
Q

Name at least five groups of people hat fought in gladiatorial arena

A

Prisoners, slaves, autorati , Christians, cripples

History of Sports (8 decks)

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