Sport in ancient world Flashcards
Name 4 sources of evidence
Written, primary/secondary, archaeological, and ephigraphical
Eye witness vs second witness accounts are what time of evidence
Primary/secondary
Name examples of material records
Ruins, equipment,painting, statues
Name examples of ephigraphical records
Writing carved into stone or wood
What is wrong with the phayllus of crotona’s record long jump of 55 ft?
We cannot determine the source therefore unbelievable. What was there source of measurement?
What happened to Pheidippides and the marathon
He ran 26 miles from the city Marathon to Athens to announce Greek victory before collapsing dead
Name a few sports played in ancient Egypt
Wrestling,boxing,fencing, swimming, rowing, running, jumping, weight lifting, archery, horseback
Who was Amenophis II, King of Egypt?
Warrior and athlete- best row-boater
What country held “Funeral Games”
Ireland and Greece
Who was Patroclus?
Homers cousin
Homers work s the first evidence of what?
Athletic competition in western literature
Homers atheletes were
Aristoi- unequal. Only aristocratic men
Homers athletic games were connected to
Religious celebrations and for entertainment
Discuss homers athletic contests
Martial, local, durable
Define “local” sports
Rules varied from location to location
Name homers 5 concepts in Greek civilization
Agon Arête Athlon(prize for contest) Athlos (a contest for a prize) Athlete
Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Olympic Games
776 bc Olympia Zeus Olive Every 4 years
Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Pythian games
582 bc Delphi Apollo Laurel Every 4 years
Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Isthmian games
582 bc Corinth Poseidon Pine Every 2 years
Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Nemean games
573 bc Nemean Zeus Wild celery Every 2 years
Amentum
leather strap attached to javelin
stade
unit of length (600 meters)
Balabis
starting line of a race
Halteres
hand weights used for long jump
kampter
turning post
skamma
jumping pit
strigil
blade to wipe off sweat
Hellanodikai
judges
ekecheiria
“holding out of hands” ; truce in honor of Zeus
Phyllobolia
flowers and gifts
altis
sacred spot
spondorophoi
messengers who carried the word of the truce and announced the date of the games all over the Greek world.
stephantic
local athletic contests with no cash prizes
Zanes
statues of zeus
agonothetai
producers of Games
Elis
Greek city to hold first Olympic games
chermatic
local region where money was rewarded
significance of Olympic games
durable ethnocentric unequal specialized greek unifying force measurement of space and time cultural propaganda
Herian Games
every 4 years in Olympia
unmarried women
in honor of Hera, goddess of marriage and women
What is the significance of the Herian games?
transitional right of passage for women
sparta granted women opportunity to compete (strong women birth strong babies) [eugenics]
What caused the end of ancient greek olympic games?
Roman empire embraces Christianity;
Emperor Theodosius outlawed games because they were pagan festivals
thermaes
indoor spas; blue print for modern day gyms
ludi
Roman term for play, entertainment, fun
agon
Greek term for contest, war battle
phersu
a blindfolded warrior and a starved wild dog were leashed together
biggest influence of Roman games
Etruscans
name 3 Ludi Romani
circuses, naumachia, munera
Circus maximus
Roman hippodrome
Why did the Romans stage brutal games?
- social and political unity
- all Romans could participate in violence that built empire
- politics and social structure shaped ruling classes that provided necessities and entertainment
- poor masses were not at bottom of social structure
- spectators desensitized by violence
- warnings to outsiders; prevent rebellion and warfare
- lesson for everyone that cruelty kept empire intact
Secutores
Standard gladiator armed with sword and shield
Retiari
Gladiator armed with a net and trident
Gladiator armed with two short daggers
Dimachaeri
Single gladiator fought on horseback
Eques
Calervari
Teams of gladiators on horseback
Anabatae
Gladiator blindfolded on horseback
Gladiator trained in the art of killing wild beast
Beastieari
Holomochi
Prisoner
Clonista
Owner of gladiators
Triones
Rookies/first timers
Veterani
Successful veterans
Charon
Man dressed as a death God in a scary mask
4 sources for origins or sport and PE
War, hunting, religion, and fun
Physical features that make humans excellent sportsmen
Free hand, Opposable thumbs, upright posture, bipedal motions, color vision
Intellectual features that make humans good sportsmen
Brains, manipulate environment, language, negotiate, develop social skills
Social features of human beings learned through sport
Group behavior, food sharing, social learning
Three major theme ideas for sports/games
Transcend time and space, exist and flourish, bring people together and also divide
Ancient Olympic Games existed between what years?
776 bc to 394 ad =1,170 years
5 basic characteristic of Pre Modern Sport
Local, durable, sacred, martial, unequal
In what ways were Ancient Greek Olympic Games discriminatory?
Gender, nationality, skill level, social class
Name at least five groups of people hat fought in gladiatorial arena
Prisoners, slaves, autorati , Christians, cripples
