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Sport and Psychology and Maths > Sport (Bones) > Flashcards

Sport (Bones) Flashcards

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1
Q

how many bones in body

A

206

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2
Q

Structure of the Skeletal System

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Axial Skeleton
-80 bones
-Ribs, Spine, Head (Main body)

Appendicular Skeleton
-126 bones
-Legs, Arms

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3
Q

What is the spine saying

A

Cars
That
Look
Silly
Crash

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4
Q

Spine

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

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5
Q

Bone types

A

Long Bones
Short Bones
Irregular Bones
Flat Bones
Sesamoid Bones

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6
Q

Long Bones, Short Bones, Irregular Bones, Flat Bones, Sesamoid Bones FUNCTION

A

Long Bones - Leverage, Contains Bone Marrow for Producing Red Blood Cells
Short Bones - Weight bearing
Irregular Bones - Protect, Helps with bit of movement
Flat Bones - Protection, Muscle attachment
Sesamoid Bones -Reduce Friction

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7
Q

Long Bone

A
  • Diaphysis containing yellow bone marrow
  • Bone marrow produces red blood cells
  • Two expanded ends known as epiphysis
  • (Examples: Femur, Radius, Phalange)
  • Function: Responsible for leverage
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8
Q

Short Bone

A
  • Very light and very strong
  • Composed of Cancellous bone surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone
  • (Aero Chocolate Bar)
    (Chocolate= Bone) (Aero inside= Sponge bit in middle)
  • Function: Responsible for Weight bearing
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9
Q

Irregular Bone

A
  • Complex shapes, dont fit in any other bone category
  • Bones in Spine (Vertebrae)
  • Function: Protect and help a bit with movement
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10
Q

Flat Bone

A
  • Made up of spongy bone (no holes) between two layers of hard compact bone and have a large surface area
  • (Bourbon)
  • Function: Protection for Muscle Attachment
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11
Q

Sesamoid Bone

A
  • Specially shaped to perform a particular function
  • Usually found in a tendon
  • Function: Reduce Friction
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12
Q

Postural Deviations (Spine)

A

When Viewed from an ANTERIOR, the spine should be completely straight

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13
Q

Anterior
VS
Posterior

A
  • The front (Anterior)
  • The back (Posterior)
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14
Q

Kyphosis (Spine)

A
  • Outward curve of the Thoraic region of the spine resulting in a ‘Hunchback’ appearance
  • Usually caused by poor posture or deformities of the Vertebrae
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15
Q

Scoliosis (Spine)

A
  • Sideways curve (Lateral Curve)
  • Abnormal curvature of the spine to left or right (Lateral Curve)
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16
Q

Neutral (Spine)

A

Normal spine posture

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17
Q

Bone Growth

A
  • Ossification: Process of Bone growth
  • Osteoclasts: Carry away unnecessary Calcium + Nutrients
  • Osteoblasts: Brings new bone Calcium + Nutrients
  • Epiphyseal Plate: Happens at Growth Plate (Cartilage)
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18
Q

Skeletal System Bones

A
  1. Cranium
  2. Mandible
  3. Clavicle
  4. Sternum
  5. Humerus
  6. Ribs
  7. Spine
  8. Pelvis
  9. Radius
  10. Ulna
  11. Carpals
  12. Metacarpals
  13. Phalanges
  14. Femur
  15. Patella
  16. Tibia
  17. Fibula
  18. Tarsals
  19. Metatarsals
  20. Phalanges
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19
Q

Joints

A
  • Fibrous: Immovable Joints, dont move
    (Cranium or Hips)
  • Slightly Moveable (Cartilaginous): Allows slight moveable between most vertebrae
    (Spine)

-Synovial: Lots of movements, Freely
(Covered with articular Cartilage, allows no friction)

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20
Q

Bursa

A
  • Provides soft cushion between the tendons and bones preventing friction, filled with synovial fluid
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21
Q

Articular Cartilage

A
  • On the ends of the bones, stop bones from rubbing
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22
Q

Synovial Fluid

A
  • Lubricates Joints, reduces friction
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23
Q

Ligaments

A
  • Holds bones together, keep in place (support) (reduce risk of injury)
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24
Q

Synovial Joints

A
  • Hinge
  • Ball and Socket
  • Ellipsoid
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25
Q

Hinge

A
  • Goes two ways only
  • (Elbow and knee)
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26
Q

Ball and Socket

A
  • Round end of one bone fits in to a cup shaped socket in the other bone which allows movement in all directions
  • (Hip and shoulder)
  • Cartilage surrounds bones to stop rubbing
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27
Q

Ellipsoid

A
  • Modified version of a ball and socket joint
  • A bump on one bone sits in the hollow formed by another
  • (Radius and Ulna meets wrist joint)
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28
Q

Joints

A
  • Gliding
  • Pivot
  • Saddle
29
Q

Gliding

A
  • Joints allow movement over a flat surface in all directions but is restricted or a bony prominence
  • (Wrist and ankle)
30
Q

Pivot

A
  • Ring of one bone
  • Fits over peg of another allowing controlled rational movement
  • (Head to neck)
31
Q

Saddle

A
  • Surfaces are concave and convex
  • Movement occurs backwards and forwards, side to side
  • (Base of thumb)
32
Q

Circumduction

A
  • Movement of limb
  • Hand or fingers in circular pattern using combination of flexion, adduction, extension
33
Q

Rotation

A
  • Neck or body rotation
  • Twisting movement
  • Produced by summation of the small rotational movements
  • One bone rotates in relation to another bone
34
Q

Flexion

A
  • Hinge and ball and socket joints
  • Bending of the joint
35
Q

Dorsiflexion

A
  • Contracting of your hand or foot
  • Extension of your foot at the ankle
  • Extension of your hand at wrist
36
Q

Plantar Fascia

A
  • Thick tissue on bottom of the foot
  • Connects heel bone to the toes
  • Creates Arch for foot
37
Q

Lateral Flexion

A
  • Bending body
  • One Constituent part
38
Q

Horizontal Extension

A
39
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A
40
Q

Horizontal Flexion

A
41
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A
42
Q

Origin of a muscle

A
  • End of attachment of muscle is immobile, or less moveable bone
43
Q

Skeletal

A
44
Q

Smooth

A
45
Q

Cardiac

A

-

46
Q

Tricep

A
47
Q

Deltoids

A
48
Q

Pects

A
49
Q

Bicep

A
50
Q

Wrist flexors

A
51
Q

Wrist extensions

A
52
Q

Supinators

A
53
Q

Pronators

A
54
Q

Abdominals

A
55
Q

Hip Flexors

A
56
Q

Quadriceps

A
57
Q

Hapstrings

A
58
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
59
Q

Soleus

A
60
Q

Tibialis Anteriors

A
61
Q

Erector Spinae

A
62
Q

Teres Major

A
63
Q

Trapezius

A
64
Q

Latisimus Dorsi

A
65
Q

Obliques

A
66
Q

Gluteals

A
67
Q
A
68
Q
A
69
Q
A

Sport and Psychology and Maths (5 decks)

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