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paper 3 > Sport and Society (3.1) > Flashcards

Sport and Society (3.1) Flashcards

1
Q

what socio-cultural factors affected participation in sport in britain 7

A

transport
social class
law and order
gender
education and literacy
availability of time
availability of money
~~~

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2
Q

in pre industrial britain the lower class took part in…

A

mob football
cock fighting
smok racing
shin kicking
bare knuckle boxing

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3
Q

in pre industrial britain the upper class took part in…

A

archery
pedestrianism
real tennis
hunting
bowling
billiards
horse riding

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4
Q

in pre industrial britain what did both classes take part in…

A

cricket

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5
Q

in pre industrial britain lower class women took part in…

A

smok racing

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6
Q

in pre industrial britain upper class women took part in…

A

archery
dancing
hawking
horse riding

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7
Q

what was the view of women like in pre industrial britain and how did this influence their participation

A

they were the weaker sex and activities had to suit this view to not be too strenuous or dangerous

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8
Q

in pre industrial britain what was law and order like and how was this reflected in sport at the time

A

little formal law which was reflected in the violent games with few rules like mob football and bare knuckle fighting

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9
Q

what was education like in pre industrial britain

A

lower were uneducated while the upper were

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10
Q

how was the lower classes illiteracy reflected in their sport

A

unwritten or simples rules used

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11
Q

how did education influence the upper classes participation

A

they had more advanced games with advanced rules eg. archery as they could understand and write down the rules

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12
Q

what was availability of time like for sport for the lower class in pre industrial britain

A

little free time due to long working hours so participation only happened on festivals and holy days ect

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13
Q

what was the availability of time like for sport for the upper class in pre industrial britain

A

extensive free time so could take part more and in longer lasting activities like fox hunting

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14
Q

what was the availability of transport like for the lower class in pre industrial britain

A

none - localised sport within the villages

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15
Q

what was the availability of transport like for the upper class in pre industrial britain

A

they had horse and cart allowing them to travel to specialist facilities however this was rare as the roads were in terrible condition

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16
Q

how did law and order change post 1850

A

more defined laws and introduction of police force. less violence was tolerated in society

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17
Q

what did the change in law and order do to the participation in sport in post 1850 britain

A

it became less violent - mob games stopped
decline in blood baiting sports - due to RSPCA
more controlled gambling

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18
Q

who were in charge of law making and how did this influence sport in post 1850 britain

A 
the middle and upper class 
meant their sports eg. fox hunting we’re still allowed
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19
Q

what act and when was passed starting the modern education system

A

the education act of 1870

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20
Q

in 1891 another education act was passed stating that…

A

elementary education was to be free

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21
Q

what did the 1891 education act lead to

A

elementary schools being established to supplement those already run by the church

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22
Q

which classes attended school in post 1850 britain

A

middle and upper

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23
Q

why didn’t the working class attend school in post 1850 britain

A

they worked in factories

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24
Q

how did the availability of time like for the working class in post 1850 britain

A

still limited to begin however as time progresses factory owners began to learn that happier workers were better workers so planned trips to the seaside by then end of this period the working week had decreased in hours

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25
Q

how did the availability of money impact the lower class participation in post 1850 britain

A

wages were low leaving not much money for activities

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26
Q

how did the availability of money effect participation of the working class in post 1850 britain

A

had more money allowing them to spend some money on specialist facilities like courts for real tennis

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27
Q

how did the availability of money effect participation of the upper class in post 1850 britain

A

continues to have sufficient money to take part in more expensive pastimes

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28
Q

what sports did women take part in in post 1850 britain

A

cycling

horse riding

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29
Q

how did the status of women begin to change in post 1850 britain

A

assumption to marry compromised due to shortage of men

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30
Q

why were women allowed to take part in cycling in post 1859 britain

A

it was moderate, uncompetitive, could be done in a dress and in a ladylike fashion

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31
Q

what was schooling like for girls in post 1850 britain

A

was limited

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32
Q

how did limited schooling affect participation of girls in sports in post 1850 britain

A

meant they didn’t learn sports and actualities or understand any that had complex rules and scoring

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33
Q

how did transport begin to develop on post 1850 britain

A

railways developed

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34
Q

what affect did railways have on participation in sport in post 1850 britain

A

increased participation levels

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35
Q

how did railways increase participation in post 1850 britain

A

competitors and spectators could travel around the country, horses and equipment transported more easily, allowed excursions to seasides

36
Q

what were public schools in post 1850 britain

A

places of education of old standing which the sons of gentlemen traditionally attended in large numbers and continue to attend from age 8-18

37
Q

what was muscular christianity in post 1850 britain

A

a belief that links a sport with being a Christian gentleman and shown through a sense of Christian and patriotic duty by playing sport of discipline and a sense of manliness

38
Q

define cult of athleticism

A

a combination of physical endeavor or trying hard and moral integrity or being honourable truthful and showing good sportsmanship

39
Q

how did public school influence sport in post 1850 britain

A

more activities developed

40
Q

what were the ‘old boys’

A

boys who after leaving school join the army

41
Q

how did sport and education change in 20th century britain

A

physical education was part of all schools curriculum

42
Q

who attended grammar schools in the 20th century

A

for age 11-19
most academically gifted children
mostly middle class

43
Q

what did secondary modern schools consist of in 20th century britain

A

a 4 yeah course leading to school leaving certificate and some continued to sit there GCE in 5th year

44
Q

who went to secondary technical school in 20th century britain

A

those who failed the 11+ went to secondary modern could get a place at the of the age of 12 or 13

45
Q

how did the availability of money change for the working and upper class in 20th century britain

A

it increased

46
Q

how did the greater availability of money for the middle and upper classes influence of participation in sport in 20th century Britain

A

could access greater range of sport e.g. skiing

and clubs could afford to pay players

47
Q

how could clubs afford to pay players in the 20th century Britain

A

through increased spectatorship

48
Q

could everyone afford to Spectate sport in 20th century Britain

A

no the cost of spectating in the poorer working-class couldn’t afford it and neither could women

49
Q

how did transport develop in 20th century Britain

A

railways became much more available to everyone

50
Q

how did the increased transport availability affect sport in 20th century britain

A

larger numbers of people could travel to spectate foot with football rugby and cricket attracting the biggest crowds

large crowds like the 1948 Olympics made huge profit

51
Q

how did social class have an impact on participation in sport in 20th century britain

A

continued to be a determining factor

52
Q

Who took part in tennis and rowing in 20th century Britain

A

middle and upper class

53
Q

who was amateurism dominated by and in which sport in 20th century Britain

A

middle class in rugby union

54
Q

Who was professionalism associated with in 20th century Britain and in what sport

A

working class in football

55
Q

how did gender affect participation in 20th century britain

A

sport was still male dominated and participation by women was particularly low in the working class

56
Q

Where were the ancient Olympics held

A

athens

57
Q

when were the ancient Olympics held from

A

8th century BC to 4th century AD

58
Q

When was the first modern Olympic games

A

1896

59
Q

what year was the IOC formed

A

1894

60
Q

What are the 4 aims of the Olympics

A

to promote equality
to bring together athletes
to spread the olympic principles
to educate young people

61
Q

what are the three main Olympic values

A

encourage effort
preserve human dignity
develop harmony

62
Q

name the 7 olympic values

A

respect
excellence
friendship
courage
determination
inspiration
equality

63
Q

give an example of respect being shown at the olympics

A

barshim and gianmarco sharing the gold medal in the mens high jump final in tokyo 2020

64
Q

give an example of excellence in the olympics

A

micheal phelps earning 22 medals (18 of them gold)

65
Q

give an example of friendship at the olympics

A

mo farah and galen rupp were training partners leading into 2012 olympics were they both pushed it each to achieve gold and silver in the mens 10,000m

66
Q

give an example of courage at the olympics

A

kerri strug performing a vault injured in the womens gymnastics team final to gain the US the gold medal in 1996

67
Q

example of determination at the olympics

A

despite getting a puncture in the last couple of miles of the bike Georgia Taylor Brown kept going and managed to run her way back to a silver medal in the triathlon in tokyo 2020

68
Q

give an example of inspiration at the olympics

A

oksana chusovitina competed in her first olympics in 1992 and has qualified for all since whilst becoming a mother

69
Q

give an example of equality at the olympics

A

eric the eel being given a chance to compete in the mens 100m freestyle heats at the 2000 Sydney Olympics

70
Q

what does the british olympic committee do

A

Provide support for team GB during and after the games

71
Q

when was the BOC formed

A

1905

72
Q

What do the Olympic rings represent

A

unity - contains the colours that make up all the world flags

73
Q

How were the 1936 Berlin Olympics used for political exploitation

A

used as Hitler for Nazi propaganda and show supremacy of the Nazi regime

Lutz Lang v Jesse Owen

74
Q

how were the 1968 mexico city olympics used for political exploitation

A

South Africa’s invitation was withdrawn from the games so African-Americans protested to the world.

led to Carlos and Smith performing the black power salute

75
Q

how were the 1972 Munich games used for political exploitation

A

eight palestinian terrorists seized 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team

requested for 234 Palestinians to be released from holding in Israel

authorities attempted to rescue them however all were killed

76
Q

How were the 1980 Moscow Olympics is for political exportation

A

in December 201979 Soviet forces invaded Afghanistan therefore the US threatened if Soviet troops were withdrawn they would boycott the Olympics

In total 6000 competitors from 81 countries attended compared to the 10,000 expected

77
Q

how were the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games use for political exploitation

A

soviet Union and other communist countries refused to compete

they claimed it was due to the commercialisation of the games lack of security

in reality it was a retaliation for boycotting their games

78
Q

Positive sporting impacts from hosting global events

A

raises profile of sports
new sports facilities
increased funding

79
Q

Negative sporting impacts from hosting global events

A

specialist facilities created can end up unused afterwards

Sport deviance is more likely to be highlighted at global events

80
Q

Positive social impacts of hosting global events

A

provide pride to a nation which can improve well being 

improve facilities for local communities

Accommodation and other facilities built can be used by the community 

81
Q

negative social impacts from hosting global sporting events

A

some areas of country may not get same facility benefits as the host city

local inhabitants may have to vacate land be used for venues

82
Q

Positive economic impacts of hosting global sporting events

A

more jobs are created through building transport and support jobs for the event

increased tourism during and after the event

83
Q

Negative economic impacts of house of global sporting events

A

bidding for sports events can be expensive

the event may cost more to host that it raises revenue

benefits to employment and long-term jobs are exaggerated and many dry uop after games

84
Q

Positive political impacts of hosting a global sporting event

A

political parties can gain credit for success of their athletes

brings unity to a country with political differences put aside

This country can use the event to show off their culture raise its world status


85
Q

Negative political impacts of hosting global sport events

A

if events go over budget it could gain negative opinion of a party

protests by athletes or spectators can be embarrassing for the country‘s ruling party

Negative environmental impact can decrease the party’s popularity

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