Sport and nutrition + Adaptations

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

The chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose and oxygen

Question 2

If our muscles have a good supply of oxygen, how would we breathe?

Answer 2

Aerobically

Question 3

If oxygen runs out, how would we breathe?

Answer 3

anaerobically

Question 4

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

Oxygen + glucose ~~> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 5

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 5

glucose ~~> lactic acid + (less) energy

Question 6

Why does our breathing rate increase when we exercise?

Answer 6

More energy is needed for exercise so our muscles need more oxygen to respire more and contract

Question 7

Why does our heart rate increase during exercise?

Answer 7

More energy is needed for exercise so more oxygenated blood must be pumped to the muscles for them to contract

Question 8

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 8

During intense exercise, our bodies will start to breathe anaerobically, so glucose is broken down without oxygen so after the exercise our breathing rate still stays high to repay the debt,

Question 9

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 9

right and left ventricle, right and left atria

Question 10

how does the circulatory system work?

Answer 10

right hand side pumps de-oxygenated blood to the lungs; it then flows to the left hand side of the heart, which pumps this oxygenated blood to the body

Question 11

What are the 3 types of blood vessel?

Answer 11

Arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 12

What do the arteries do?

Answer 12

Carry oxygenated blood to the body from the heart

Question 13

What do veins do?

Answer 13

carry de-oxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Question 14

What do the capillaries do?

Answer 14

Diffuses oxygen, carbon dioxide and urea to our cells

Question 15

What is fitness?

Answer 15

The ability to perform exercise

Question 16

What is a performance enhancing substance?

Answer 16

A substance used to improve any form of activity performance in humans

Question 17

What is diffusion?

Answer 17

Particles moving from an area of high to low concentration until dynamic equilibrium is reached

Question 18

How does gas exchange in the alveoli work?

Answer 18

As the de-oxygenated blood cells move through the capillaries, the air in the alveoli is transferred into the blood cells in exchange for carbon dioxide

Question 19

What are the three harmful substances found in cigarette

Answer 19

Nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide

Question 20

What do carbohydrates do?

Answer 20

Give us energy

Question 21

Why is protein needed?

Answer 21

for growth and repair

Question 22

What does fat do?

Answer 22

provides insulation, protection and energy

Question 23

What are vitamins for?

Answer 23

strong teeth, bones and to keep us healthy

Question 24

what do minerals do?

Answer 24

keep us healthy

Question 25

What does fibre do?

Answer 25

prevents constipation

Question 26

why is water needed?

Answer 26

cell structure, sweat and transport

Question 27

What is an adaptation?

Answer 27

a feature that helps an organism to survive in a particular environment

Question 28

What is a predator?

Answer 28

An animal that hunts other animals for food

Question 29

What is a prey?

Answer 29

the animal that is hunted by the predator

Question 30

What is mimicry?

Answer 30

Harmless organisms adapted to look like a more dangerous species