Sport and nutrition + Adaptations Flashcards
What is respiration?
The chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose and oxygen
If our muscles have a good supply of oxygen, how would we breathe?
Aerobically
If oxygen runs out, how would we breathe?
anaerobically
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen + glucose ~~> carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose ~~> lactic acid + (less) energy
Why does our breathing rate increase when we exercise?
More energy is needed for exercise so our muscles need more oxygen to respire more and contract
Why does our heart rate increase during exercise?
More energy is needed for exercise so more oxygenated blood must be pumped to the muscles for them to contract
What is oxygen debt?
During intense exercise, our bodies will start to breathe anaerobically, so glucose is broken down without oxygen so after the exercise our breathing rate still stays high to repay the debt,
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
right and left ventricle, right and left atria
how does the circulatory system work?
right hand side pumps de-oxygenated blood to the lungs; it then flows to the left hand side of the heart, which pumps this oxygenated blood to the body
What are the 3 types of blood vessel?
Arteries, veins, capillaries
What do the arteries do?
Carry oxygenated blood to the body from the heart
What do veins do?
carry de-oxygenated blood from the body to the heart
What do the capillaries do?
Diffuses oxygen, carbon dioxide and urea to our cells
What is fitness?
The ability to perform exercise
What is a performance enhancing substance?
A substance used to improve any form of activity performance in humans
What is diffusion?
Particles moving from an area of high to low concentration until dynamic equilibrium is reached
How does gas exchange in the alveoli work?
As the de-oxygenated blood cells move through the capillaries, the air in the alveoli is transferred into the blood cells in exchange for carbon dioxide
What are the three harmful substances found in cigarette
Nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide
What do carbohydrates do?
Give us energy
Why is protein needed?
for growth and repair
What does fat do?
provides insulation, protection and energy
What are vitamins for?
strong teeth, bones and to keep us healthy
what do minerals do?
keep us healthy
What does fibre do?
prevents constipation
why is water needed?
cell structure, sweat and transport
What is an adaptation?
a feature that helps an organism to survive in a particular environment
What is a predator?
An animal that hunts other animals for food
What is a prey?
the animal that is hunted by the predator
What is mimicry?
Harmless organisms adapted to look like a more dangerous species
