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global challenges > sport and environmental sustainability > Flashcards

sport and environmental sustainability Flashcards

week 2 of exam content

1
Q

what is the highest carbon emitting event?

A

FIFA and Quatar
- carbon specialist claims CO6 10 million tonnes (3x higher than claimed by FIFA) Donald 2022
- because they omitted emotion of accomplishment, flights, water use etc
- potentially highest carbon emitting event apart from wars (Berners -lee 2022)

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2
Q

how is sport linked to environmental sustainability?

A
  • it is a globally pressing issue
  • sport could have a role of improving environmental and social sustainability of sport
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3
Q

explain the relationship between sport and the environment?

A
  • reciprocal
  • sport impacts environment and changes in the environment impact sport
  • e.g., banning plastic, climate neutral events
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4
Q

explain the UN sport for climate action framework

A
  • recognises sports and events have effect on environment
  • its there duty to improve existing practices to reduce impacts
  • aim to get sport bodies to sign up to framework
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5
Q

objective of the UN sport for climate action framework

A
  • achieve clear trajectory for global sports community combatting climate change committing to reducing measuring and reporting greenhouse emissions
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6
Q

key considerations of the UN sport for climate action framework

A
  • organisations and operations should minimise waste and emissions
  • maximise efficiency and productivity of resources
  • eliminate practices affecting enjoyment of resources by future gens.
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7
Q

what is the economic value of sport?

A
  • word wide sport related economic activity: £23,894mill in 2017/18
  • 58% related to community participation
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8
Q

define environmentalism

A
  • notion than humankind ought to live harmoniously with nature (pepper 1999)
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9
Q

define sustainable development

A
  • economic, social or environmental
  • meet needs of present without compromising ability of future generations to meet own needs (world commission on environment and development 1987)
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10
Q

define sport ecology

A
  • study of sport, natural environment and bidirectional relationship between the two (McCullough 2020)
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11
Q

define vulnerability

A
  • extend sport or event might be exposed to climate threats
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12
Q

define climate capacity

A
  • resources that a sport or facility has to be future proof climate-related challenges
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13
Q

stats on air quality

A
  • 4.2mill deaths per year (WHO 2018)
  • greenhouse gases trap heat making planet warmer
  • bring fossil fuels responsible for almost all increase in greenhouse gas over last 150 years (environmental protection agency 2021)
  • UK gov commitment to be carbon neutral by 2050
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14
Q

how does sport impact air quality

A
  • travel to sporting events = air pollution and carbon emission
  • largest carbon impact comes from spectator travel
  • majority of spectators use personal vehicles to attend events
  • sport organisation fly short distances despite other transport available
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15
Q

what is the premier league BBC research (2023)

A
  • study of 100 games in UK jan to march 2023
  • light of controversial journeys as short as 27 mins
  • positioning flights - empty planes flying to convenient airports to transport players and staff to fixtures
  • 81 individual flights by PL clubs
  • shortest 27mins and longest 77mins
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16
Q

gaps in literature

A
  • research on sport and environment had focused on multi national events
  • role of individuals at community level and contribution to carbon footprint is neglected
  • 70% travel emissions are by fans (chard and fallen 2012)
17
Q

chard and mallet research 2012

A
  • survey of car travel behaviours of ice hockey parents for away games
  • describe carbon footprint and generate ideas to reduce impacts
  • sport parents travels combined 78,000km (20 tons of CO2) attending away games for Childs hockey team
  • reductions = car pooling, inter-parent coordination, hiring buses
18
Q

bunds et al 2018

A
  • travel yo swimming coaching scheme
  • driving to practice facility ps spent 106mins in car each week
  • 415,000kg of CO2
  • carpooling, fuel-efficient vehicles
19
Q

bunds et al 2019

A
  • measured microclimate related to college football games through tailgating associated air pollution
  • reached unhealthy levels during direct close-by exposure to pollutants especially when vehicles exit after game
  • more sustainable transport strategies
20
Q

facility design and usage (porteshawyer 2009)

A
  • facility specific green policies are challenging
  • few stadiums have green stadiums
  • considerr successful implementation processes resulting green-building policies and buildings
    construction, heating, maintenance
  • green tech offer long term savings
21
Q

Aquino and Nawari 215

A
  • sports facilities are providers of water and electricity
  • solar panels create excess energy for building (under use strategy)
  • lack of rain water collection from sport stadia
  • green roofs and walls - reduce cooling needs and emissions - not use often
  • recycling and composting - average game can generate 60tons of waste
  • used more as data shows these to be beneficial strategies
22
Q

World games 2009 in Taiwan

A
  • first solar powered stadium
  • powering 100% of energy used during events
23
Q
  • kellison and McCullough 2015
A
  • ES affects us and we affect ES
  • interviews architects of sports facilities with ES designs
  • social pressure from fans, activists and citizens weights heavy on decision making
  • architects of SS influenced by social interest
  • pro-environment facilities drives social change in sport and fans
24
Q

Water pollution stats

A
  • rivers and lakes drown in waste and pollutants (denchak 2018)
  • world economic forum 2016 = by 2050 more plastic in oceans than fish
  • 275mill tonnes of plastic entering ocean annually (Jamback et al 2015)
25
Q

the Copenhagen triathlon

A
  • extreme ran due to climate change cause floods generating microbial contamination on surface water - risk to humans
  • rainfall overloaded sewers - overflowed
  • attack rate of 838 swimmers was 42% compared to 8% in 2011
  • gastrointestinal symptoms, diarrhoea, vomiting, cramps and fever
26
Q

water activism example

A
  • Sport can counter-act environmental degradation
  • surfers against sewers campaign against discharges of effluent at UK beaches threatening marine life and surfers health
27
Q

golf example for ES in sport

A
  • watering timings optimised on local evaporation data
  • equipment upgraded with high efficiency nozzles
  • modified irrigation schedules to prevent runoff
  • in thailand golf course consumes as much water as 60,000residents using vast amounts of chemicals (tourism concern 1018)
  • due to spraying courses with chemicals, herbicides and fertilisers running off to nearby waters
28
Q

Forest green rovers football club

A
  • eco park
  • worlds greenest football club building greener stadium
  • made from wood, 500 trees, hedgerows, 4G pitches
  • ## electric charging points
29
Q

What is athletes for the earth?

A
  • works with athletes, organisations, stadiums, teams etc to have green initiatives and promote environmental stewardship
  • harness athletes voice to address climate change
  • role model to raise awareness
30
Q
A

global challenges (2 decks)

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