Spooky Test Flashcards
Militarism
The act of building up your military. Countries did it as a show of power and in case of war.
Triple alliance
Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy.
Triple entente
Russia, France, and Great Britain.
Alliance
a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.
Entente
a friendly understanding or informal alliance between states or factions.
Secret treaties
a treaty (international agreement) in which the contracting state parties have agreed to conceal the treaty’s existence or substance from other states and the public.
Nationalism
Pride in one’s country.
Imperialism
Expanding the boundaries of your country. Taking over/claiming other territories.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
was assassinated by Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia. Princip was a member of the Bosnian nationalist terrorist group the Black Hand. Ferdinand’s driver took a wrong turn and realizing his mistake, stopped at a street corner to back up where Princip was standing. Princip pulled out his gun and shot Ferdinand and his wife Sophie.
Balkan Crisis
The Balkan States of Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro fought back against Austria Hungary for their independence. This along with the Black Hand (the nationalist terrorist group that killed Franz Ferdiand) being located in Serbia created a lot of tension in Europe.
Blank Check
The Blank Check refers to the alliance between Germany and Austria Hungary called the blank check assurance where Germany offered unconditional support in Austria Hungarians decision regarding the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. This is thought to be one of the main contributors to ww1 because it gave the leaders of Austria Hungary the confidence to declare war on Serbia.
No man’s land
the area between two trenches. Germans were first to dig trenches.
Trench foot
abnormally large swelling in the foot due to damp and wetness.
Trench fever
caused headaches, abdominal pain, and tenderness or pain in the shin area. Thought to be transmitted by flies, mosquitoes, or lice
Bolt action rifle
fastest rifle yet. Could fire 15 rounds a minute and could fire 1400 meters.
Chlorine gas
rose up in a cloud that looked like a smoke screen. Burned the eyes, nose, and throat.
Mustard gas
gas stayed low to ground and had similar effects to the chlorine gas as well as causing blistering on the skin. Introduced by Germany
Machine guns
could shoot extremely fast for the time, great for keeping advancing forces at bay. Took four men to operate, jammed often.
Tanks
little willie was the first tank, introduced by the British, were all terrain vehicles with cannons mounted on top and maybe a gun or two on the side.
Zeppelin
were blimps that could scout out enemy lines flying high above firing range and eventually were used to drop bombs on enemies. Introduced and mainly used by Germany
Planes
most common plane was the sopwith camel.
Red Baron
was the most successful pilot in ww1 with 80 confirmed aerial victories.
A dogfight
was a battle between two planes in the air.
Flame thrower
exactly what it sounds like. Introduced by Germany.
Torpedoes
torpedoes were self-propelled underwater ranged weapons with warheads to pierce and explode boats.
Central Powers
Germany, Austria Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.
Allied Powers
Britain, France, Russia, and later Italy switched sides.
Neutral Countries
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Spain in Europe, and Mexico, Chile and Argentina in South America.
Election of 1916
Woodrow Wilson becomes second democrat to serve two terms since Andrew Jackson under slogan He Kept Us Out Of War
Why US entered
Propaganda, Sinking of Lusitania which killed 128 Americans, sinking of Sussex which caused the Sussex pledge, Unrestricted u-Boat warfare, and Zimmerman note which promised Mexico parts of New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona if they joined Germany’s war effort.
Why the US sided with Allies
Germany was sinking ships left and right without checking to see if they were warships or not which killed neutral Americans.
Russian Revolution
Tsar Nicholas II forced to abdicate. Lenin comes out of exile to lead Red Russians. Red Russians vs White Russians. Red Russians are communist. White Russians want Nicholas II back on the throne. Red Russians win. Russia becomes communist
Alvin York
used turkey hunting skills to kill 25 German soldiers and capture 132 more single handedly. He also silenced 35 machine guns.
Haley hell fighters
all black regiment that didn’t give up any ground in 191 days of fighting. They had 1400 casualties but no prisoners. This earned them the French Croix de Guerre.
Erich Ludenroff
known for his incredible commanding on the eastern front and building a military empire that lasted until the end of the war. Known for forcing Russia out of war.
John Pershing
leader of the AEF which was sent overseas when America joined the war effort. Helped push Germany out of France on arrival and win the war. Second 6 star general in US history (George Washington).
Convoy system
Convoy system
merchant and supply ships traveled with a convoy of naval ships.
Selective Service Act
men 18-45 were required to enlist in the army.
Self-determination
people decide how they should be governed.
Doughboys
nickname given to AEF (American) troops.
Brest Litovsk
Treaty Russia signed to remove itself from the war.
Von Schlieffen Plan
If Russia attacked Germany, they would attack France through neutral Belgium.
Henry Cabot Lodge
took over after Wilson suffered a stroke and rejected the League of Nations.
Armistice
cease fire. November 11, 1918, 11am, Germany calls for an armistice.
Reparations
payments made by the losing side of a war to the winning side of a war to pay for damages on the winning side.
War Industries Board
created to maximize efficiency in the creation of war materials through every industry.
Mobilization
preparing the country for the war effort.
Liberty Bonds
a war bond sold to the public to support war effort that the government would pay back with interest after war.
Food Administration
worked to provide food to soldiers overseas. Herbert Hoover
Committee On Public Information
worked to create propaganda and create support for entering the war.
Great Migration
black southerners move to northern areas.
Espionage and Sedition Act
Made extreme punishments for espionage and curtailed the free speech of citizens making it illegal to say anything bad about the government.
Schenck vs US-Schenck
was charged with conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act of 1917 by attempting to cause insubordination in the military and to obstruct recruitment.
Wilhelm II
German Emperor, blamed for ww1 because of rash assurance of unlimited support to Austria Hungary. Abdicates in 1918 before end of war
Treaty of Versailles
Germany has to give up land, accept the decisions of and join the League of Nations, Limit the size of army and navy to as small as possible, Give up its Empire, Give up its colonies overseas, accept full blame for the war, and pay reparations to countries that suffered damage.
Big Four
Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, Woodrow Wilson of USA, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy.
France
wanted Germany to pay for the war and expected harsh treatment of Germany.
Britain
had similar goals but didn’t want to be too harsh.
The USA
wanted lasting Peace in Europe.
Weaknesses of treaty
Treaty treated Germany too harshly which many historians think led to the Second World War. Woodrow Wilson saw this danger and tried to prevent it with his 14 points.
Main points
No secret treaties, free seas, free trade, reduction of all armed forces, National self-determination/nation had right to govern itself, League of Nations to be formed to protect world peace in the future.
Britain’s prime minister
Lloyd George
France president
Georges Clemenceau
Usa president
Woodrow Wilson
Italy president
Vittorio Orlando
