Spondylosis, Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis

Question 1

What is the definition of spondylosis?

Answer 1

A vertebral condition

Question 2

What is the definition of spondylolysis?

Answer 2

A vertebral separation or vertebral cleavage

Question 3

What is the definition of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 3

A vertebral slippage

Question 4

What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in Spinal II?

Answer 4

A separation along the pars interarticularis (defect in the part interarticularis or pars defect)

Question 5

What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?

Answer 5

A range of 2.6% to 10%

Question 6

What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a higher incidence of spondylolysis?

Answer 6

The native Alaskan (Inuit) population

Question 7

What does lumbar spondylolysis appear to be related to?

Answer 7

The uniquely human upright stance or erect posture

Question 8

Lumbar spondylolysis is associated with what characteristics?

Answer 8

Familial association, spina bifida occulta, racial/ethnic disparities, gender and locational bias, youthful incidence and activities requiring repetitive stress on the spine

Question 9

What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 9

10-20 year olds

Question 10

What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 10

Gymnastics, dance, soccer

Question 11

What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 11

Fibrocartilagenous material

Question 12

What name has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 12

Spondylolysis ligament

Question 13

What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

Answer 13

Nociception, neuromodulation and autonomic function

Question 14

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 14

A collard Scotty dog

Question 15

In an oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of a lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?

Answer 15

The neck of the Scotty dog

Question 16

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?

Answer 16

The pedicle

Question 17

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of the Scotty dog?

Answer 17

The superior articular process

Question 18

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a Scotty dog?

Answer 18

The transverse process

Question 19

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

Answer 19

Rare, congenital, gender biased toward men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

Question 20

What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 20

Rare in the general population, within typical percents in the native Alaskan (Inuit) population, seems to be acquired, gender biased toward men, most common at S1 and linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning

Question 21

Identify all names given to type I spondylolisthesis.

Answer 21

Dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis

Question 22

What is the location bias of type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 22

L5 or upper sacral segments

Question 23

What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 23

Spina bifida occulta and nerve root compression of the S1 nerve

Question 24

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 24

Isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 25

What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with type III spondylolisthesis?

Answer 25

Degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 26

What causes type IV spondylolisthesis?

Answer 26

Fracture of the neural arch components

Question 27

What are the cause(s) associated with type V spondylolisthesis?

Answer 27

Bone diseases such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta