Spoken Language Key Terms Flashcards
What is an accent?
It is a variation in pronunciation associated with a particular geographical region.
What are adjacency pairs?
It is a simple structure of two Turns of speech.
What is back-channeling?
They are words, phrases and non-verbal utterances used by a listener to give feedback to a speaker that the message is being followed and understood.
What is a closing?
It is words or phrases used to indicate that a conversation sequence is ending.
For example a “goodbye” is a closing
What is code switching?
It occurs when bilingual speakers will use and alternate between different languages.
What are discourse markers?
They are spoken words or phrases which help to organise speech, especially turn-taking.
Often they come at the start of a new topic.
What is elision?
It is the omission or slurring of one or more sounds or syllables.
E.g. gonna, wannabe, wassup.
What is a positive face need?
It is a universal human need to feel valued and appreciated.
What is a negative face need?
It is a universal human need to feel independent and not be imposed upon.
What are fillers?
They are items which do not carry conventional meaning but are inserted in speech to allow time to think, to create a pause or to hold a turn in a conversation.
E.g. like, sort of, kinda, er, um.
What are false starts?
They are when the speaker begins an utterance, then stops and either repeats or formulates it.
Sometimes called self-correction.
What is grice’s cooperative principle?
It is the general principle that people work together to communicate.
What are Grice’s conversational maxims?
Quantity- not saying too much or too little.
Relevance- keeping to the point.
Manner- speaking in a clear, coherent and orderly way.
Quality- being truthful.
What are hedges?
When words and phrases soften or weaken the force with something that is being said.
E.g. perhaps, maybe, possibly.
What are interruptions?
It is when you cut in and stop someone who is already speaking.
