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English language > spoken language key terms > Flashcards

spoken language key terms Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Standard/Non-Standard English

A

‘I don’t have it’ vs ‘I aint got it’

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2
Q

Register

A

A variety of language appropriate for a particular situation (e.g a formal register, an academic register)

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3
Q

Idiolect

A

Your own unique way of speaking

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4
Q

Lexis

A

The vocabulary used

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5
Q

Phonology

A

The sound of words (pronunciation/accent)

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6
Q

Semantic field

A

Words associated with a specific topic

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7
Q

Accent

A

Refers solely to the pronunciation of words

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8
Q

Regional Accent

A

An accent spoken in a particular geographical area

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9
Q

Received Pronunciation

A

The accent associated with upper-class speakers, sometimes known as ‘BBC English’

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10
Q

Dialect

A

Refers to vocabulary and grammar variations

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11
Q

Regional Dialect

A

Associated with particular geographical areas

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12
Q

Standard English

A

Dialect associated with educated users of language

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13
Q

Referential

A

Utterances that provide information

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14
Q

Expressive

A

Utterances that express the speakers feelings

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15
Q

Transactional

A

Verbal exchange in which the emphasis is on getting something done

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16
Q

Interactional

A

The main emphasis is on the social relationship between participants

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17
Q

Phatic

A

Technical term for small talk

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18
Q

Terms of Address

A

Ways of addressing people

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19
Q

Taboo

A

Language which is avoided as its considered unpleasant or offensive

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20
Q

Field Specific Lexis

A

Lexis associated with a specific field/topic

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21
Q

Slang

A

Informal acts of speech which are short lived and linked to a generation

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22
Q

Diachronic

A

Language changes over time

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23
Q

Ephemeral

A

Language changes due to fashion

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24
Q

Phatic Expression

A

Small talk

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25
Q

Deictic Expression

A

Contextual expressions relating to time

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26
Q

Interrupted Construction or False Start

A

Abandoned phrases

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27
Q

Disjointed Construction

A

Utterances which lack flow or conjunctions

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28
Q

Incomplete Construction

A

Phrases missing grammatical elements

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29
Q

Filler

A

Words with little meaning inserted into everyday speech

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30
Q

Unvoiced Pause

A

Silent pause

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31
Q

Filled Pause

A

Ums and ers

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32
Q

Unintentional Repetition

A

Repeating words

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33
Q

Digression

A

Wandering off topic

34
Q

Topic Loop

A

Returning to an earlier topic

35
Q

Topic Shift

A

Changing topic

36
Q

Non-Standard Grammar

A

‘We was half an hour late’

37
Q

Stress

A

Places emphasis on particular words

38
Q

Intonation

A

Technical term for tone of voice and refers to the way in which speech can rise or fall.

39
Q

Tempo

A

The speed or pace of speech

40
Q

Oral Signals

A

Expressive sounds such as laughs, sighs, gasps and so on

41
Q

Incomplete Construction

A

Phrases missing grammatical elements e.g. ‘alright’

42
Q

Volume

A

How loudly or softly someone may speak

43
Q

Interrupted Construction

A

Abandoned phrases

44
Q

Convergence

A

Moving speech closer to the other persons

45
Q

Opening Sequence

A

Common easing into conversation such as an exchange of greetings

46
Q

Face

A

How we present a particular image of ourselves

47
Q

Tag Question

A

A question attached to the end of a sentence e.g. ‘It’s cold today, isn’t it?’

48
Q

Syndeton

A

Using a conjunction in between every phrase in a sentence

49
Q

Elision

A

The omission of letters e.g. ‘gonna’ rather than ‘going’

50
Q

Hedging

A

How a writer expresses certainty or uncertainty

51
Q

Topic Marker

A

An utterance which establishes the topic of conversation

52
Q

Grice’s Maxims

A

Maxims of quantity, quality, manner and relevance/relation

53
Q

Negative Politeness

A

When we avoid intruding on peoples lives e.g. not imposing presence or prying into their lives

54
Q

Jargon

A

Specialist language associated with a particular occupation or activity

55
Q

Pre-closing Signal

A

Indication conversations coming to an end

56
Q

Positive Politeness

A

Demonstrating that people are well liked and admired e.g. paying compliments or taking an interest in their lives/well-being

57
Q

Discourse Marker

A

An expression that directs the movement of conversation

58
Q

Feedback

A

Signs given to speakers to show you are listening

59
Q

Imperative

A

Gives a direct instruction, order, warning, command, request or invitation e.g. ‘Read Shakespeare’s Macbeth by Monday’

60
Q

Upward Convergence

A

Making yourself sound of a higher class in conversation

61
Q

Interrogative

A

Sentences that are questions

62
Q

FTA ( Face Threatening Act)

A

Something is said or done that challenges or rejects another face

63
Q

Declarative

A

Sentences that make statements

64
Q

Exclamatory

A

Emphatic sentences indicated by the use of an exclamation mark

65
Q

Asyndetic List

A

Listing that doesn’t involve the use of conjunctions

66
Q

Syndetic List

A

Lists that involve the use of conjunctions

67
Q

Interruption

A

One speaker intentionally talks over another

68
Q

Mutual Convergence

A

Both participants in a conversation merge towards each other

69
Q

Holding the Floor

A

Speaking to a group of people often for a long time without allowing anyone else to speak

70
Q

Adjacency Pair

A

Two part exchanges following a predictable pattern and sound in conversation

71
Q

Honorific

A

A title or word that expresses respect

72
Q

Repair

A

In conversation a repair resolves a problem that has risen

73
Q

Lakoff’s Politeness Principles

A

Don’t impose, give options, make the receiver feel good

74
Q

Divergence

A

When peoples style of speech moves further apart

75
Q

Pitch

A

The rise and fall in the way we speak

76
Q

Hypocorism

A

The use of nicknames

77
Q

Paralinguistics

A

The aspects of spoken communication that don’t involve words

78
Q

Overlap

A

Unintentional speaking over another

79
Q

Downward Convergence

A

Making yourself sound of a lower class in conversation

80
Q

Polite Discourse Marker

A

The way you speak to a person in conversation politely

81
Q

Closing Sequence

A

ritual exchanges or conclusions

English language (2 decks)

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