Spoken Language Features Flashcards
-This/that/here/there
Deixis
-stress/rhythm/pitch/tempo
Prosodic Features
- Words continuing sentences
- “first”/“on the other hand”/“now”
Discourse Marker
- Shortening sentences
- (Are) you going to the party/(I) might be
Ellipsis
- Slang version of a word
- gonna=going to/wannabe=want to be
Elision
- Word shortened by an apostrophe
- Can’t=cannot/She’ll=she will
Contraction
-Individual style of speaking
Idiolect
- Form of a language
- Associated with a region or social class
Dialect
-Used for socialising
Interactional Talk
-whatsit/thingummy/whatever
Vague Language
- Similar to body language
- gestures/facial expressions/laughter
Paralinguistic Features
- Used to show pause or thinking
- er/um/huh
Filler
-Alteration that’s suggested or made by a speaker or audience
Repairs
-a term for the manner in which orderly conversation normally takes place.
Turn Taking
- Hesitations
- false starts/fillers/repetitions/interruptions
Non-Fluency Features
- you and the listener or listeners are trying to share information in as efficient way as possible.
- you ask very direct questions and there are many social rules in this conversation.
Transactional Talk
- Words added to the end of a sentence
- “It’s cold in here, isn’t it?”
Tag Question
- Variety of speech used by a particular group
- working class/upper class
Sociolect
- The way that words are pronounced
- Vary according to region or social class
Accent
-when the speaker begins an utterance then stops and either repeats or reformulates it
False Start
- Related to small talk
- how are you/fine
Phatic Talk
- Used by a listener to give feedback
- “I see”/“oh”/“really”
Back-Channel
- Used to weaken the force how something is said
- maybe/perhaps/sort of/possibly/I think
Hedge
- Individual speaking turns
- “How are you?”/“Fine thanks”
Adjacency Pairs
-focuses on contexts and purposes of people talking to each other
Pragmatics
- Complete unit of talk
- Speaker’s silence
Utterance
- Four basic conversational rules
- quantity/relevance/manner/quality
Grice’s Maxims
