SPOKEN LANGUAGE FEATURES Flashcards
ACCENT
Way which words are pronounced - vary depending on region or social class
ADJACENCY PAIRS
a parallel terms which asserts the boundaries of individual speaking terms
BACK-CHANNEL
Word phrases/non-verbal utterances to give feedback to the speaker that they were listening
DEIXIS/DEICTICS
‘This’,’That’, etc. which refer backwards/forwards or outside a text
CONTRACTIONS
reduced form often marked by an apostrophe
DIALECT
Distinctive grammar/vocabulary which is associated with regional or social use of language
DISCOURSE MARKER
Signal the relationship and connections between utterances
ELISION
Omission of slurring of one of more sounds ie. wassup
ELLIPSIS
Missing out grammatical parts such as ‘are’ or ‘I’ , creates a casual and informal tone
FALSE START
Speaker begins an utterance, then stops to either repeat of reformulate it
FILLER
Vocal pause, made to create a pause to think or reflect ie. err
REPAIRS
Altercation that is made/suggested by the speaker - correct or clarify a previous conversational contribution
SOCIOLECT
Social dialect used by particular groups, ie classes
TAG QUESTION
Turns a declarative into a question, ie “- isn’t it?”
TRANSACTIONAL TALKS
Language to get things done/ transmit content or information
TURN TALKING
Principal unit of a conversational structure, taking turns with minimal overlap or gaps
UTTERANCE
A complete unit of talk, bounded by speaker’s silence
VAGUE LANGUAGE
Statements that are imprecise and unassertive, ie. and so on…
INTERACTIONAL TALK
Language in conversation used for interpersonal reasons
NON-FLUENCY FEATURES
Typical/normal characteristics of spoken language that interrupt the flow of talk
PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES
Related to body language - use of gestures/expression and other non-verbal elements which add meaning beyond the words being spoken ie language
PHATIC TALK
Conversational utterances that havre no concrete purpose other than to maintain personal relationships, small talk - traditional patterns
PRAGMATICS
Approach to discourse analysis which focuses less on structures and more on context and purposes. Social interaction and the effect of our choices on others
PROSODIC FEATURES
Stress,rhythm,pitch etc. used by speakers to mark out key meanings in a message, how something is said.
