spoken CLA theories Flashcards by Mariia Koval

what are the 5 stages of development

pre-verbal (1 y)
Holophrastic (one word) (1-1,5y)
two word stage (1,5 -2y)
telegraphic (2-3y)
post telegraphic (3y)

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what are the signs of Telegraphic stage (3 things)

1- learn how to ask interrogatives using ‘who,where,what’ etc
2 - David Crystal said they learn pragmatics
3 - Usula Bellugi and David McNeil : negation types

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Usula Bellugi and David McNeil - what they proposed

negation NO/NOT
1. in the beginning (no shoes)
2. in the middle (me no shoes)
3. negatives attached to verb (i dont wear)

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what proposed/did Jean Berko Gleason

the WUG test
grammatical development happens
not only lexical
children dont learn ‘pen’ and ‘pens’ separately. they understand the plural form

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bubbling - Terminology (x4)

reduplicated
variegated (dif phonemes - dabama)
jargon
melodic

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what are virtuous errors

they are logical mistakes
they happen because of overgeneralizing

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phonological features Terminology of the word formation (x3)

Deletion - getting rid of the letter (dog=do)
Substitution - swoping sylables (dog=gog)
Addition - adding ending (dog=doggie)
Insertion = adding an extra letter

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semantic features - Terminology (x2)

over-extension = applying to too many
2.under-extension = applying often to one specific

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Skinner: what is his theory

behaviorist
no innate ability to learn
blank state - Tabula rosa
learning through Operant conditioning and Imitation

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what are the evidence for Skinner

accents are an example
-recast from teachers in school=best development place
-strong explanation, supported by many other things

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what are the limitations of Skinner

-language isn`t corrected as thought
-there are evidence of LAD- children go through similar stages
critical period id the same for all (7y) meaning - there is something universal for lang.

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what`s Chomsky idea

Nativism
inbuild ability
predisposed/wired to learn the language
LAD (prebuild lang in the brain) - hypothetical tool, serves as mechanism to work out rules of lang.
explaining child`s ability to comprehend lang so early
Universal grammar - sharing common features (nouns, verbs, past and present, questions)

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what are the evidences for Chomsky

humans are the only ones who can form grammatically structured thoughts
-Virtuous Errors
Creol language (wasn`t taught by anyone)

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what are the limitations of Chomsky

-princioles of lang have to specific enough to teach a child theor lang, but also general enough for them to relate to all 6 000 langs
-abstract principles
-children have to link htese abstract principles to day-to-day lang
-over the past 60 years no one found any suitable content

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Case study - Genie

-up to 13 years
-abused
-no heard lang
-developed to some extend
-could not master grammar
-too many other functions were affected

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what was Piaget`s Theory

Cognitive Theory (WHY WE USE)
-understand the concept
-strong link to maturation
-be an active learner

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Piaget: what are the Key concepts

1 Assimilation - fitting new info within the existing schemas
2. acommodation - cognitive structure fits in with the wider contest)
3. Active learner

what are the 4 Piaget stages

Sensorimotor - physical movement - 0-2 y
Pre-operationsl - uses imagination, egocentric-2-6y
Concrete operational not egocentric = take pov of others (6-11)
Formal operational (11-16)

what are the evidence of Piaget theory

children achieve similar milstones.

what are the limitations of Piaget

-hard to observe/measure
-excludes external factors
-Vygotsky (developmnet = continuous process

what did Halliday propose

having an intendent outcome motivates usage of language
Instrumental (give water)
Regulatory (not your teddy)
Interactional (mom, love you)
Personal (my favorite color is pink)
Huristic (why the grass is green)
Imaginative (superhero)
Representational (im three)

what is the limitation of Halliday

-John Dore-
interpreted motivation through categories
1. labeling
2. questions
3. answering
4. repeating
5. calling
6. protesting

what did Bruner say

-Interactionist-
LASS- lang aq. support system
caregivers are very important
scaffolding - correction
recast - repetition with standard pronounciation
Meaningful input - help, support

SIT what about it

CDS: used when talking to children e.g. high pitched voice, repetition, interrogatives, simple grammar
emphasis on the environment influence
caregivers are very important in learning, as the are able to provide support

what are the limitations for Bruner`s theory and SLT

-doesn`t take into account innate/biological aspect -doesn`t explain how children master language, when have stimulus poverty

what did Vygotsky propose

-learning is a social process MKO - their influence is very important -scaffolding -learning happens in the Zone of proximal development

Vygotsky and play

observed play of children with adults it is social and cultural development when getting older its a good practice to use imagination

what did Catherine Garvey do

studied Pretendent Play 4 y/o children - social and cognitive development happens. children understand that people have different social roles and that language differs depending on the role

what Catherine Garvey found

children use subject specific lexis imitating adults behavior and speech

what did Tomasello proposed

usage based theory learning is based on constructions 1) cognitive skills - pattern finding 2) intention reading constructing schemas through generalisation

according to tomasello how language process is happening

gesture - one word constructions - pivot schemas - item based constructions

what are the limitations of Tomasello`s theory

-doesn`t explain how generalisation happens -doesn`t explain how children learn more complex constructions e.g - subordinate clauses

what study did Katherine Nelson

said that 60% of children`s vocab is nouns Categories: -naming (60%) -describing -actions -personal

what did Jean Aitchison discovered

three processes that occur during child`s acquiring vocab

three processes of Jean aitchison

1) labelling - connecting sounds and objects 2) packaging - understand the extant to which labelling works 3) network building - grasping connections and differentiate between them

what did Eve Clark do

studied children`s first words Found: among first 50th words there are -common adjectives children usually have overextension of the physical qualities of objects e.g. taste, sound, shape

what found Berko and Brown

the FIS phenomenon child rejecting adults pronunciation of 'fish' as 'fis'. however, a child continued to say 'fis' showing that even though they can pronouns 'sh' sound - they can still differentiate between 'sh' and 's'

what did Roger Brown discover

many words at the two - word stage are fitting into a common pattern. e.g. subject and a verb agent and action

what did Martin Braine discovered

Pivot - schemas slots into which children fit in words e.g. word 'all gone' can work as a Pivot and can be combined with other words. 'all gone dinner'

what proposed Usula Bellugi and David McNeil

stages of negation 1) negation in the beginning (no shoes) 2) negation in the middle (me no shoes) 3) negation in the right place with auxilary verb (i don`t wear shoes)

what test did Jean Berko Gleason

THE WUG TEST how plural and other inflectional morphemes are acquired. children generalized rules rather then memorized two different categories - 'pen' singular and 'pens' plural

Roger Bropwn`s types of utternces in the 2 word stage 6x

1.Agend + Action 2.action+ affected (throw stick) 3.action + location (lay bed) 4.Nomination 5.Negation 6.possesor + possesion