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Abdomen > Spleen > Flashcards

Spleen Flashcards

0
Q

What system does the spleen belong to?

A

Reticuloendothelial system

*the spleen is the largest of lymphoid tissue

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1
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

Intraperitoneal
LUQ
Between stomach and diaphragm

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2
Q

Histology of the normal spleen

A

Enclosed by a fibroelastic capsule
Has trabeculae which divide the spleen into compartments filled with
White and red pulp

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3
Q

What are the measurements of the spleen?

A

12 cm long
8 cm trv
4 cm AP

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4
Q

What is a useful landmark in identifying the spleen and splenic hilum?

A

Splenic vein

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5
Q

Which ligament attaches the spleen to the dorsal body wall?

A

Lienorenal ligament

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6
Q

Which ligament attaches spleen to the stomach?

A

Gastroluenal ligament

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7
Q

Which ligament supports the spleen inferiorly?

A

Phreniccocolic ligament

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8
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A 
Production of lymphocytes
RBC production
Erythrocyte destruction
Hemoglobin breakdown
Bile pigment formation
Filtration and trapping of foreign particles 
Bacteria and virus destruction
Storage of iron
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9
Q

What is Aplasia?

A

Absent spleen

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10
Q

What is splenoptosis?

A

Downward displacement of the spleen

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11
Q

What are other names for supernumerary spleen?

A

Accessory spleen
Splenunculus
Polysplenia

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12
Q

What is posttraumatic splenosis?

A

Following splenic rupture, splenic cells may implant throughout the peritoneal cavity and increase in size, resulting in ectopic spleens

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13
Q

What causes splenomegaly?

A 
Increased work load
Portal HTN 
Budd Chiari syndrome
Cirrhosis 
Hepatitis
CHF
Cystic Fibrosis
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14
Q

What lab tests are used to evaluate spleen?

A

Bone marrow test for cancer
Blood protein can r/o multiple myeloma to malaria
Uric acid and ALP to determine presence of leukemia or lymphomas
LFT

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15
Q

What are the dilated sinusoids in an enlarged spleen called?

A

Reflective channels

16
Q

What causes a spleen to rupture?

A 
Blunt trauma
Crushing injury
Spontaneous rupture
Infectious mononucleosis 
Malaria
Typhoid fever
17
Q

Clinical findings of a ruptured spleen

A 
Abdominal pain
Rigid abdomen
No bowel movement
Slow leak may be asymptomatic yet cause hypovolemic shock 
Left pleural effusion
18
Q

Lab findings of splenic rupture

A

Decreased hematocrit

Low HTC

19
Q

What kind of splenic cysts are there?

A 
Blood
Parasite cyst (Hydatid)
Congenital cyst: epidermoid
Simple cysts: Polycystic disease
Pseudocyst: acute pancreatitis 
Because of high vascularity, pseudocyst may erode the vessels, causing Pseudoaneurysm and bleeding into pseudocyst
20
Q

Etiology of splenic infarct

A 
Bacterial endocarditis 
Sickle cell anemia
Malignant METS 
Hypotension
Occluded vascular supply
21
Q

Sonographic appearance of splenic infarct

A

Atypical
Echogenicity related to age of infarct
Hypoechoic in early stages
Hyperechoic as time progresses

22
Q

Splenic abscess etiology

A 
Heterogenously disseminated infections 80%
Bacterial endocarditis
Diverticulitis
Osteomyelitis 
Pelvic infections
Trauma
Surgery
Altered immune system
23
Q

Clinical/labs of splenic abscess

A 
Pain 
Fever
Leukocytosis
Bacteremia and septicemia
Blood culture is necessary
24
Q

Sonographic appearance of splenic abscess

A 
Irregular borders
Septa
Internal echoes
Thick wall
Pleural effusion
Reverberation artifact due to gas
25
Q

What is Granulomatous Inflammatory Calcifications?

A

Focal lesions resulting from previous infections

26
Q

Etiology of Granulomatous Inflammatory Calcifications

A 
Tuberculosis
Histoplasmosis
Sarcoidosis
Splenic artery Calcifications 
Reactive hyperplasia
Secondary to previous infections
Sickle cell disease
27
Q

Which the most common benign splenic tumor?

A

Hemangioma

28
Q

Benign splenic Tumors

A 
Hemangioma
Fibroma
Lymphangioma
Chondroma
Plamocytoma
Sarcoma
29
Q

Which is the most common tumor METS to the spleen?

A

Malignant melanoma

30
Q

Sonographic findings of splenic mets

A

Discrete solid mass usually hypoechoic but may have mixed echogenicity
May be multiple
May be complex due to cystic necrosis

Abdomen (10 decks)

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