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Fourth semester > SPIS > Flashcards

SPIS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps in innovation?

A

Discovery
 Innovate or accidental observation.
Invention
 the generation of a new idea, concept, or device.
Innovation
 invention + commercialization, or bringing into use
Design
 The process/ plan of making things/ services
Diffusion
 the spreading / adoption of innovation

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2
Q

What are some reasons for innovation?

A

 New ways of serving existing markets
 Growing new markets
 Improving operations
 Changing social practices

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3
Q

What makes innovation possible according to Goffin and Mitchell?

A
  • Technological advances
  • changing customer needs
  • strategic intent
  • changing business environment
  • intensified competition
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4
Q

What are the types of innovation according to the 4P model?

A

paradigm, product, position, process

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5
Q

What are the steps of Idea-generation according to Perry-Smith and Manucci 2018?

A
  • generation
  • elaboration
  • championing
  • implementing
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6
Q

What is the Assimilation perspective on service innovation?

A

o New technology is the main driver of service innovation
o Same approaches as innovation literature
o Service firms are passive recipients from other sectors

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7
Q

What is the Demarcation perspective in service innovation?

A

o Service innovation is fundamentally different from
product innovation
o Service industry has specific needs/values regarding
customer interactions, non-technological aspects,
organizational knowledge (e.g. tourism, health care,
retailing)

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8
Q

What is the synthesis perspective on service innovation?

A

Innovations result from service-product combinations
creating new practices

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9
Q

What is the definition of service innovation according to Wittel et al 2016?

A
  • A new service or such a renewal of an existing
    service
  • put into practice
  • adds value (internalized)
  • the renewal must be new not only to its customers,
    but in a broader context
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10
Q

What is customer experience?

A

It is about how the service is being delivered as opposed to what is being delivered

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11
Q

Why is it helpful to evaluate service innovation from the perspective of Social practice theory?

A

This perspective allows us to explore
o …how a services emerges, develops and ceases
o co-creation
o … the relation between service innovation and societal change
o … innovation as an ongoing, not a one-off process

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12
Q

What are the different perspectives of understanding action and change?

A
  • highlighting agency
  • highlighting external forces
  • highlighting social practices (a combination of the two above)
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13
Q

What is the theory of structuration (Anthony Giddens, 1984)

A

agency (individual interest, choice, decision) shapes structure (rules, meaning, resources) which shapes agency

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14
Q

What are the elements constituting social practices?

A
  • Materials
  • Meaning
  • Competences
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15
Q

What are the conceptual underpinnings of social practice theory?

A
  • Configuration and connection between different elements
  • Doings (only form when performed repeatedly)
  • Carriers (individuals are carriers of a practice)
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16
Q

Understanding innovation through a social practices approach, means we understand innovation as…

A
  • a process of linking new and existing elements
  • an ongoing and not a one-off process.
  • a process that disrupts and destroys
17
Q

Discuss innovation in terms of functionality and meaning.

A

incr. + incr. = market pull (user centered)

rad. mean = design driven

rad. funct. = tech driven

18
Q

What is Verganti 2008 about?

A

The need of the firm to collaborate with external stakeholders and artists.

19
Q

What did Bourdieu focus on?

A

meaning is part of a social group, and we need to understand the dynamic of the social group

20
Q

What did Veranti focus on?

A

we can innovate the meaning of a product/service to break the conventions within a social group

21
Q

Compare practices and elements.

A

 practices are always in the process of formation, re-formation and de-formation.
 Elements are comparatively stable and are, as such, capable of circulating between places and
enduring over time.

22
Q

Discuss the relationship between participant status and meanings of practices from Bordieu’s perspective.

A

By participating in some practices but not others, individuals locate themselves within society and in so doing simultaneously reproduce specific schemes and structures of meaning and order.

23
Q

What are the 3 main concepts in Bordieu?

A
  • Capitals
  • Habitus
  • Fields
24
Q

Explain habitus.

A

 Habitus refers to a system of dispositions that guides people’s choices and attitudes.
The habitus expresses itself in all aspects of someone ́s life: in aesthetic preferences, cultural practices
and choices related to health behaviour; in short, in lifestyles and in ways of being.
 Individuals are socialised by their environment and people living in similar social space
tend to develop a similar habitus.
 Lifestyles can be considered a marker of social position

25
Q

What are the four types of capital?

A

Economic, Cultural, Social, Symbolic

26
Q

What is cultural capital?

A

Capital that is acquired by practice or transmitted
hereditarily throughlearning. Cultural capital can be institutionalized. Here it takes the form of diplomas, or qualifications that act as guarantees—often given by state authorities—that the owner has a certain kind and level of cultural capital.

27
Q

How do fields relate to habitus?

A

Dispositions as a representation of habitus can be regarded as a tacit understanding of the field

28
Q

Explain habitus in terms of structures (history).

A

Habitus, the product of history, produces individual and collective practices, and hence history, in accordance
with the schemes engendered by history

29
Q

What is a field?

A
  • It is an arena of social actions and struggles
    in which actors compete for a variety of valued resources. (capital)
  • Possession of these forms of capital,
    determines actors’ power position in
    specific fields

(The actors can be individuals or corporate
actors)

30
Q

What is meaning in terms of innovation?

A

Meaning is its emotional and symbolic value - driven by the design language

31
Q

What are the types of of co-creation Gronroos?

A
  • Value-in-exchange
  • Value-in-use
32
Q

What are the two ways of looking at technology in relation to change?

A
  • exogenous force
  • emergent process
33
Q

What are the two types of values?

A
  • Habitual values (reinforcing habits)
  • Transformative values (Radically changing actors’ experiences (thinking, feeling, acting) - makes agents become conscious of their roles in reproducing
    structures and elect to instead make new, imaginative choices to challenge dominant patterns)
34
Q

What is S-D logic?

A
  • Service is the fundamental basis of exchange.
  • The customer is always a co-creator of value.
  • All actors are resource integrators
  • Value is uniquely determined y the beneficiary

Fourth semester (3 decks)

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