Spirometry

Question 1

what are the diferent ways that ventilation function can be assessed?

Answer 1

Spirometry
PEFR measurement
Flow-volume loops

Question 2

what are the 4 lung volumes?

Answer 2

TIRE
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Expiratory reserve volume

Question 3

what are the 4 Pulmonary capacities

Answer 3

VIFT
Vital capacity
Inspiratory capacity
Functional reserve capacity
Total lung capacity

Question 4

What are 
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 4

Tidal volume: amount of air breathed in and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing.

Inspiratory reserve volume: maximal extra amount of air that can be breathed into the lungs at the end of a normal quiet inspiration.

Residual volume: amount of air remaining in the lungs even after a maximum expiration.

Expiratory reserve volume: maximal amount of air that can still be blown out of the lungs at the end of a normal quiet expiration.

Question 5

What are 
Vital capacity
Inspiratory capacity
Functional reserve capacity
Total lung capacity

Answer 5

Vital capacity: total amount of air that can be breathed in and out of the lungs from maximal inspiration to maximal expiration.

Inspiratory capacity: Total amount of air that can be inhaled into the lungs at the end of a normal quiet expiration

Functional residual capacity: amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal quiet expiration.

Total lung capacity: total volume of air that can be contained in the lungs.

Question 6

what is the FVC

Answer 6

Forced Vital Capacity: the amount of air that can be blown out of the lungs from maximal inspiration to maximal expiration, in a forced breath

Question 7

Difference between FVC and Vital Capacity

Answer 7

FVC is after a forced breath and VC is from a slow breath

Question 8

What is FEV1

Answer 8

FEV1 is the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second: the amount of air that can be blown out of the lungs in the 1st second of a forced inspiration

Question 9

Often, we calculate the FEV1/FVC ratio

what does this show?

Answer 9

expresses the percentage of total volume that can be breathed out in the first second of a forced expiration.

Question 10

what is the normal FEV1/FVC ratio?

Answer 10

about 75%

Question 11

What is the FEV1/FVC used for

Answer 11

used to diagnose, monitor and classify respiratory diseases

Question 12

what is the PEFR

Answer 12

the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, or maximum rate of airflow attained during a forced expiration.

Question 13

how do you measure the PEFR

Answer 13

using a peak flow meter

Question 14

what is the PEFR used to for and why is it so good

Answer 14

cheap and easy test that patients can do to monitor diseases such as asthma

Question 15

how does PEFR vary?

Answer 15

Normal values depend on age, gender and size of the patient

Question 16

detail the steps of using the PEFR

Answer 16

1. Connect a clean mouthpiece
2. Ensure the marker is set to zero
3. Breathe out as hard as you can
4. Observe and record the reading
5. Repeat again twice and record the readings
6. The highest of the 3 readings is used

Question 17

what does Spirometry measure

Answer 17

measures lung volume over time

Question 18

what are spirographs used to evaluate

Answer 18

evaluate:
lung volumes 
lung capacities
lung function
efficiency of lung emptying

Question 19

whats the difference between old and modern day spirometers

Answer 19

In the past, spirometers measured volume displacement, an example of this being the bell spirometer.
Modern spirometers measure flow directly.

Question 20

how does a PowerLap Spirometer measure airflow

Answer 20

through a device called a pneumotachometer.
Then the software of the Spirometry Extension can display the data as a trace onscreen, f
or ease of interpretation. It will display Flow, and it will also calculate volume from the flow, and display volume over time as the second trace.