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Bacte Finals > Spirochetes > Flashcards

Spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

spirochetes came from the word “spiro” and “chaete” which means

A

coiled and hair

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2
Q

slender, spiral-shaped bacteria containing one or more complete rotations that form a helix

A

spirochetes

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3
Q

this structures of spirochetes enables them to have a corkscrew motility; and which part of the organism is it located

A

periplasmic fibrils or axial filaments; located at the center of the organism

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4
Q

because spirochetes are small and thin, they cannot be seen in —

A

gram stain

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5
Q

genuses of spirochaetales that are associated with human diseases

A

treponema
borrelia
leptospira

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6
Q

this causes YAWS

A

Treponema pallidum subsp. Pertenue

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7
Q

YAWS is also called as

A

frambesia tropica
pian
parangi
paru
buba
bouba

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8
Q

this is the most prevalent nonvenereal trepanematoses

A

T pallidium subsp. Pertenue (Yaws)

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9
Q

how do T palladium sibsp. Pertuene infect humans

A

wound infection, breaks in the skin, skin contact, and something to do with hygiene

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10
Q

this is a nonvenereal chronic infection that causes BEJEL

A

T pallidum subsp. endemicum

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11
Q

this is transmitted via direct contact with active lesions, contaminated fingers, and eating or drinking utensils; also have something to do with hygiene and cleanliness

A

T pallidum subsp. endemicum

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12
Q

diseases caused by T. carteum

A

pinta
carate
mal de pinto
azul

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13
Q

this is a non venereal that can be transmitted via skin or mucuos membrane contact and associated with hypopigmented skin lesions

A

T. carteum

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14
Q

causes syphillis

A

T pallidum subsp. pallidum

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15
Q

derived from a fictional character “syphillus” from a poem by Girolamo Fracastoro entitled Girolamo Fracastoro; believed to be brought to Europe by a famous explorer

A

T pallidum subsp. pallidum

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16
Q

how can syphillis be transmitted

A

direct contact with active lesions
sexual contact
vertical transmission (2nd most common)
by transfusion of fresh blood from contaminated person
accidental needle stick
in the laboratory

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17
Q

this is frequently screened in blood bank

A

T pallidum subsp. pallidum

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18
Q

survival rate of syphillis in blood bank storage condition

A

they do not survive >48 hours

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19
Q

three stages of syphillis and its notable characteristica

A

Primary - chancre (painless, no exudate, ulcerated with raised firm edges and a smooth base)
Secondary - dissemination, signs ans symptoms of systemic illness, associated with “condyloma lata”; appearance of rash on the palms and soles
Tertiary - chronic and fatal, tissue destruction, take years (decades) to develop to tertiary, develop to cardiovascular syphillis, syphillitic gummas, and parenchymatous neurosyphillis

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20
Q

chancre (syphillis) is more prominent on males or females?

A

males

21
Q

true or false: chancre can infect the mouth

A

true, when oral sex is performed

22
Q
A
23
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of trepanomatosis

A

Hard to culture
Drakfield microscopy (mainstream)
Direct sample of the chancre (lesion)
Fluorescence microscopy especially if tissue fluid that has been dried and fixed to slide

24
Q

What labeled antibodies is specific for T. Pallidum for fluorescence microscopy

A

Fluorescin isothiocyantae (FITC) labeled antibodies is specific for T pallidum

25
Q

True or false: serological diagnosis can be possible for diagnosis of trepanomatoses

A

True
Example is Rapid Plasma Reagent (RPR) Test- agglutination is positive

26
Q

Relapsing fever epidemic (louse-borne); what is its reservoir; what is the vector

A

Borrelia recurrentis
Humans
Body louse (Pediculus humanus)

27
Q

What causes relapsing fever endemic (tick-borne); what is its reservoir; what is the vector

A

Borrelia spp.
Rodents and soft shelled ticks
Soft shelled ticks (Ornithodoros spp.)

28
Q

What causes lyme disease; what is its reservoir; what is the vector

A

Borrelia burgdorferi
Rodents, deer, domestic pets, hard-shelled ticks
Hard shelled ticks (Ixodes spp.)

29
Q

It is the most common tick borne illness in north america and europe
What causes it?
What is its reservoir (tick)?

A

Lyme disease
B burgdoferi
Ixodes scapularis

30
Q

Earliest stage of lyme disease begins —- following the bite of an infected tick
What does it cause?

A

1 week
Erythema migrans (target-like ro bulls eye appearance)

31
Q

It is the collective term for neuroborreliosis and other symptoms

A

Bannwarth syndrome

32
Q

Humans are the only known reservoir for this

A

Relapsinf fever caused by B recurrentis

33
Q

What is this, Epidemic louse-borne fever that occurs worldwide because of the distribution of its vector; what is the vector?

A

Relapsing fever or epidemic louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF)
Vector is Pediculus humanus

34
Q

Endemic tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) transmitted by ticks of the genus ——

A

Ornithodoros

35
Q

True or false: B recurrentis infection can be transmitted from person to person

A

True because humans are the only known reservoir

36
Q

In what stain is Borrelia seen under LM in blood smear

A

Giemsa stain
It can also be seen in phase contrast microscopy

37
Q

In what stain is Borrelia seen under LM in blood smear

A

Giemsa stain
It can also be seen in phase contrast microscopy

38
Q

This is an obligate aerobe that can be seen in silver stain

A

Leptospira interrogans serotype

39
Q

What characteristic of L interrogans that differentiates it from other spirochetes

A

Hooked ends, thus the name interrogans

40
Q

Enumerate Leptospirosis clinical syndromes

A

Mild virs like syndrome
Anicteric leptospirosis
Icteric leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)

41
Q

What is sytemic with aseptic meningitis (anicteric or icteric)

A

Anicteric leptospirosis

42
Q

This is an overwhelmng disease (Weil’s disease) that causes vascular collapse, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and hepatic and renal dysfunction

A

Icteric leptospirosis (icteric refers to jaundice and liver involvement)

43
Q

If you swim on infected waters then develop jaundice after several days, what could be the cause

A

Icteric leptospirosis

44
Q

What is the ideal specimen for leptospirosis

A

Urine

45
Q

This is mainly a zoonotic disease caused by wild and domesticated animals (rodents, rats, dogs, farm animals)

A

Leptospirosis

46
Q

Mode of transmission of leptospirosis and where can you get it

A

Breaks in skin or intact mucous membrane
From indirect contact (soil, water, feed) with infected urine from an animal with leptospira

47
Q

This is an occupational disease of animal handling

A

Leptospirosis

48
Q

The only culturable spirochete

A

Leptospirosis, but immunoassays is commonly used

Bacte Finals (5 decks)

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