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spine + UE Flashcards

1
Q

when do you clear the spine

A

performed when primary complaint is NOT spine

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2
Q

UE clearing the spine

A
  • AROM C spine (flex/ext, SB, rot)
  • resist testing in neutral spine
  • overpressure at end AROM
  • compression/distraction
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3
Q

LE clearing the spine

A
  • AROM T/L spine (flex/ext, SB, rot)
  • resist testing in neutral spine
  • overpressure (in sitting)
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4
Q

foraminal stenosis

A
  • pain relieved w/ foraminal opening
  • pain increased w/ foraminal closing
  • unilateral radiating symptoms
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5
Q

central stenosis

A
  • bilateral symptoms
  • anterior (disc pathology): motor + sensory
  • posterior (ligamentum flavum hypertrophy): some sensory
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6
Q

cervicogenic HA

A
  • pain starts in neck region and migrates to head
  • affects concentration, ability to read, vision, mood
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7
Q

disc pathology - cervical spine

A
  • bilateral symptoms
  • motor first, then sensory
  • sensitive to weightbearing
  • usually central protrusion/herniation
  • MOI: prolonged flexion or whiplash w/ rapid, forceful flexion
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8
Q

whiplash

A
  • muscle spasm/tightness
  • disc-like symptoms in lower C spine
  • brain stem type injury in upper C spine
  • MOI: MVA, sports, work
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9
Q

lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD)

A
  • nucleus pulposis dehydrates + nucleus annulus becomes less distinct
  • disc becomes more convex + loses height
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10
Q

disc pathology - lumbar spine

A
  • unilateral symptoms (motor + sensory)
  • reproduction w/ valsalva and weightbearing
  • most discs herniate posteriorly
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11
Q

spondylolisthesis

A
  • minor: localized pain
  • major: bilateral radicular symptoms
  • MOI: repetitive or traumatic hyperextension
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12
Q

lumbar spinal stenosis

A
  • symptoms come on after short period of walking or standing
  • symptoms relieved w/ sitting in flexed/slouched position
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13
Q

SIJ hypermobility

A
  • pain directly at SIJ, radiating down posterior leg to posterior knee
  • common in young females, pregnant females
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14
Q

functional instability

A
  • inability to sit unsupported or stand in place for prolonged time
  • altered or aberrant movement patterns
  • weak deep stabilizing muscles
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15
Q

cervical flexion

A

40 deg

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16
Q

cervical extension

A

50-70 deg

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17
Q

cervical SB

A

22 deg

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18
Q

cervical rotation

A

70-90 deg

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19
Q

thoracolumbar flexion

A

60 deg

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20
Q

thoracolumbar extension

A

25 deg

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21
Q

thoracolumbar SB

A

35 deg

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22
Q

thoracolumbar rotation

A

45 deg

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23
Q

lumbar flexion

A

40-50 deg

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24
Q

lumbar extension

A

15-20 deg

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25
Q

lumbar SB

A

25 deg

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26
Q

main dermatome + myotome of shoulder

A

C5

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27
Q

clavicular rest position

A
  • 20 deg elevation
  • w/ elevated clavicle = lengthened pec major + short upper trap
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28
Q

humerus rest position

A
  • cubital fossa faces anterior + slightly medial, w/ humerus IR
  • short IRs (lats, teres major, subscap)
  • long ERs (infra, teres minor)
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29
Q

scapular winging

A

dominant upper trap but weak SA + lower trap

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30
Q

AC joint sprain

A
  • MOI: FOOSH, downward force on acromion, upward force on clavicle
  • “pop” during injury
  • weakness at endrange arm elevation
  • pain at 90 deg shoulder flex, HADD, and at AC joint
  • piano key
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31
Q

AC joint arthritis

A
  • MOI: repetitive overhead or cross-body reaching
  • weakness at endrange arm elevation
  • pain at 90 deg shoulder flex, HADD, and at AC joint
  • possible palpable bony growth
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32
Q

shoulder impingement

A
  • MOI: bony growth, acromion shape, poor mechanics
  • painful arch (60-120 deg abd)
  • pain is irritated w/ reaching overhead or abd
  • click or pop in shoulder
  • pain over anterolateral shoulder
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33
Q

rotator cuff tendinopathy

A
  • MOI: repeated microtrauma
  • pain w/ contraction of RC, overhead reaching, repetitive loading, lying on shoulder
34
Q

rotator cuff tear

A
  • MOI: FOOSH, repetitive microtrauma
  • weakness + pain
  • muscle atrophy
  • scapular malpositioning
35
Q

RCT post-surgery

A
  • pain + stiffness due to capsule irritation
  • in abduction sling
  • general guidelines = limit PROM flex, abd, ER, IR; no shoulder AROM
36
Q

labral tear (bankart lesion)

A
  • MOI: FOOSH, direct blow to shoulder, violent pull on shoulder, loaded lifting
  • pop, click, clunk
  • arm feels heavy, about to dislocate
  • pain w/ overhead reach, esp abd/ER
  • weakness
37
Q

SLAP lesion

A
  • MOI: overhead throwing, forced shoulder hyperextension, FOOSH, heavy lifting, direct trauma
  • pop, click, clunk
  • arm feels heavy, about to dislocate
  • pain w/ flex, IR
  • weakness
38
Q

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

A
  • MOI: insidious
  • correlated w/ middle age women, type II DM, and/or hypothyroidism
  • progressive loss of AROM + PROM
39
Q

adhesive capsulitis stages

A
  • freezing: losing ROM, painful
  • frozen: minimal ROM, less painful
  • thawing: regaining ROM, pain varies
40
Q

abnormal end feels

A
  • empty = subacromial bursitis
  • hard capsular = frozen shoulder
41
Q

shoulder flexion

42
Q

shoulder extension

43
Q

shoulder scaption

44
Q

shoulder abduction

45
Q

shoulder IR

46
Q

shoulder ER

47
Q

normal cubital valgus

48
Q

ulnar nerve compromise

A
  • medial 4th digit + 5th digit
  • claw hands
  • muscle atrophy of PADs, DABs, hypothenar muscles
  • screening = “restroom” sign, key fob grip
49
Q

locations of ulnar nerve entrapment

A

nerve roots, 1st rib, pec minor, humeral head, cubital tunnel, guyon’s canal

50
Q

median nerve compromise

A
  • palmar 1st digit - lateral 4th digit
  • ape hand (rest), bishop’s head (active)
  • muscle atrophy of thenar muscles
  • screening = “okay” sign, opposition
51
Q

locations of median nerve entrapment

A

nerve roots, b/w scalenes, pec minor, humeral head, pronator teres, carpal tunnel

52
Q

median nerve clinical tests

A

tinel’s, phalen’s, reverse phalen’s

53
Q

radial nerve compromise

A
  • dorsal 1st digit - lateral 4th digit
  • wrist drop
  • muscle atrophy of extensor compartment
  • screening = “thumbs up”
54
Q

locations of radial nerve entrapment

A

nerve roots, b/w scalenes, triangular space, spiral groove, lateral epicondyle, ECRB, arcade of froshe (supinator)

55
Q

radial nerve clinical tests

A

tinel’s, resisted supination

56
Q

lateral elbow tendinopathy (tennis elbow)

A
  • MOI: repetitive wrist extension w/ radial deviation
  • hear or feel crepitus, esp w/ wrist flex/ext
  • pain w/ eccentric wrist flex + gripping
  • pain over lateral joint line
57
Q

medial epicondylalgia (golfer’s elbow)

A
  • MOI: repetitive wrist flexion, gripping/twisting
  • hear or feel crepitus, esp w/ wrist flex or gripping w/ twisting
  • pain w/ eccentric wrist flex + gripping
  • pain over medial joint line
58
Q

cubital tunnel syndrome

A
  • MOI: ulnar nerve entrapment, repetitive microtrauma, sustained positions, direct blow to posteromedial elbow
  • numbness/tingling in ulnar nerve distribution
  • weakness in ulnar sided gripping + w/ fine motor control
  • ulnar nerve snapping
59
Q

osteochondritis dessicans

A
  • MOI: repetitive, forceful valgus motion
  • younger athlete, male > female
  • catching + locking in joint
  • loss of elbow extension
60
Q

ulnar collateral ligament sprain

A
  • MOI: repetitive valgus force
  • “snap” w/ MOI
  • pain w/ valgus force, over medial elbow
61
Q

lateral collateral ligament sprain

A
  • MOI: repetitive varus movements, trauma w/ varus force, chronic crutch users
  • may have radial head sublux
  • lateral elbow pain
  • feeling “unstable”
  • popping, clicking, catching
62
Q

radial head compression fracture

A
  • MOI: FOOSH w/ elbow ext + pronation
  • lateral elbow pain
  • limited pro/sup
63
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • MOI: sustained or repeated wrist flex/ext
64
Q

deQuervain’s tenosynovitis

A
  • MOI: tenosynovitis b/w EPB + APL, repetitive radial deviation
  • screening = thumb tuck
65
Q

scaphoid fractures

A
  • MOI: FOOSH w/ wrist hyperextension
  • pain in snuffbox that worsens w/ ext + radial dev
  • weak grip
66
Q

CMC arthritis

A
  • MOI: repetitive loading through thumb
  • dull pain at base of thumb
  • loss of grip + pinch strength
67
Q

elbow flexion

68
Q

elbow extension

69
Q

elbow pronation

70
Q

elbow supination

71
Q

wrist flexion

72
Q

wrist extension

73
Q

wrist radial deviation

74
Q

wrist ulnar deviation

75
Q

MCP flexion

76
Q

MCP extension

77
Q

PIP flexion

78
Q

PIP extension

79
Q

DIP flexion

80
Q

DIP extension

EEO (2 decks)

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