Spine & Thorax

Question 1

Rectus abdominis runs in what direction?

From the __________ cage to the pubic _______.

Answer 1

Rectus abdominis runs vertically ↕️ ↕️↕️↕️↕️↕️↕️↕️↕️↕️

From the rib cage to the pubic crest.

Question 2

List the AOI of external oblique

Answer 2

Action: Unilaterally - laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Rotate vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally - Flex the vertebral column, compress abdominal contents

Origin: External surfaces of 5th-12th ribs

Insertion: Anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 3

List the AOI of the internal oblique

Answer 3

Action: Unilaterally - laterally flex vertebral column to same side
Rotate vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally - Flex the vertebral column, compress abdominal contents

Origin: Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Internal surface of lower 3 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 4

Which abdominal muscle is mostly responsible in the aid of forced exhalation?

Answer 4

Transverse abdominis

Question 5

There are ____ total vertebrae in the vertebral column, and the ____________ section of the vertebral column contains 12 vertebrae

Answer 5

24 total vertebrae

Thoracic section

Question 6

Describe what the spinous processes look like on the back

Answer 6

They form a visible row of bumps down the center of the back and are designed as attachment sites for layers of muscles, ligaments and fasciae

Question 7

The _______________________ section of the vertebral column is capable of the most movement

Answer 7

cervical vertebrae

Question 8

What abdominal muscle gives the abs the “washboard”

Answer 8

Rectus abdominis

Question 9

List the AOI of transverse abdominis

Answer 9

Action: compress abdominal contents

Origin: Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower 6 ribs

Insertion: abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 10

Does extension of thevertebral column shorten or lengthen the rectus abdominis?

Answer 10

Lengthen

Question 11

Does C-1 have a spinous process?

Answer 11

No!

Question 12

List the AOI of the diaphragm

Answer 12

Action: Draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm
Increase volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation

Origin: Costal attachment - Inner surface of lower 6 ribs
Lumbar attachment - Upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae
Sternal attachment- Inner part of xiphoid process

Insertion: Central tendon

Question 13

What happens to the diaphragm’s central tendon during inhalation?

Answer 13

Central tendon pulls inferiorly

         ⬇️

Question 14

Where are the intercostal muscles located?

Answer 14

the small, slender muscles between the ribs

Question 15

List the AIO of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 15

Action: Unilaterally - Laterally tilt(elevate) the pelvis, assist to extend the vertebral column
Laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally - Fix the last rib during forced inhalation & exhalation

Origin: Posterior iliac crest

Insertion: Last rib and transverse processes of 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae

Question 16

What bone is directly deep to the clavicle?

Answer 16

The first rib of the first men

Question 17

What muscles are deep to the thoracolumbar aponeurosis i the lumbar region?

Answer 17

(erector spinae group)

and or

(multifidi, rotatores, quadratus lumborum)

Question 18

List the following muscles from deep to superficial

Answer 18

Erector spinae group

Question 19

What is a common action of the erector spinae group of the vertebral column?

Answer 19

Laterally flex to the same side and extend

Question 20

Do any of the muscles of the erector spinae attach to the skull?
if so, which one?

Answer 20

Yes,

Longissimus capitis insertion to the mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 21

What muscle is the “hip hiker”?

Answer 21

Quadratus lumborum

Question 22

Isis quadratus lumborum considered an abdominal muscle?

If so, what is unique about its location?

Answer 22

Yes, it is the deepest muscle of the abdomen, but it’s located on the posterior surface of the thorax

Question 23

List the AOI of splenius capitis

Answer 23

Action: Rotate the head & neck to the same side
Laterally flex the head & neck to the same side
Bilaterally extend the head and neck

Origin: Capitis: Inferior 1/2 ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of C7-T4
Cervicis: spinous processes of T3-T6

Insertion: Capitis: Mastoid process & lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Cervicis: Transverse processes of C1-C3

Question 24

Where is splenius capitis located relative to trapezius and SCM?

Answer 24

It is deep to the traps and SCM.

Question 25

What group of muscles is deep to the upper border of the trapezius?

Answer 25

Splenius muscles

Question 26

What group of muscles run in a diagonal direction to the vertebral column?

Answer 26

transversospinalis,

⭐️multifidi, rotatores⭐️

Question 27

The ____________ are the only muscles that lie across the posterior surface of the sacrum

Answer 27

MULTIFIDI

Question 28

What muscle group can be located in the lamina groove of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 28

Transversospinalis group 🙂

Question 29

List the actions of the rotatores and multifidi?

Answer 29

Unilaterally rotate the vertebral column to opposite side

Bilaterally extend the vertebral column