Spine: spinal deformity Flashcards
What are the components of a scoliosis deformity?
rotational
lateral bend
rib deformities
visceral abnormalities
What are the groups of scoliosis?
congenital
early iodpathic
late idiopathic
secondary
What is the cause for congenital scoliosis?
imbalance in number of growth plates (more imbalanced=more deformed)
What are the types of congenital scoliosis?
Wedge vertebra (unilateral partial failure)
Hemivertebra (unilateral complete failure of formation-full,semi segmented or incarcerated)
Unilateral bar +/- hemivertebra (unilateral failure of segmentation)
Block vertebra (bilateral failure of segmentation)
What can happen in early onset scoliosis?
some can cure themselves
How does late onset present?
patient/mother/gym teacher etc notices rib asymmetry
What are the causes of secondary scoliosis?
neuromuscular
tumour
spina bifida
What non surgical methods of management are there for scoliosis?
serial corrective casts
bracing
corrective exercises
electrical stimulation
Why operate on scoliosis?
cosmetic reasons
How can a thoracolumbar scoliosis be treated surgically?
Anterior approach
What other back deformities can occur?
kyphosis
spondylolisthesis
What can cause a kyphosis?
Damage to erector spinae muscles
What is spondylosis?
defect in pars interarticularis of vertebra
What is spondylolisthesis?
forward slippage of one vertebra onto another
When do you surgically treat listhesis?
conservative failed
adolescent with >50% slip
neuro deficit
postural deformity
What is a grade 1 or 2 spondylolisthesis? How can you treat?
abnormal neighbouring discs
posterolateral stabilisation in situ
What is grade 3 spondylolisthesis?
combined discogenic + nerve root problem
one stage combined ant and post stabilisation
