SPINE of Statistics (Lecture) Flashcards
1. Understand Z-score as a location in distribution 2. Transform X value into z-score 3. Transform z-score into X value 4. Descibe effects of standardizing a distribution 5. Transform scores to standardized distribution
Mean (equation)
Population variance: formula and notation
Notation
σ2 = Variance
σ = Standard Deviation
Sample variance and Standard Deviation
Formula uses
- n-1 instead of N
-Notation uses s instead of
What are the purposes of Z-scores
- Identify and describe location of every score in the distribution
- Standardize an entire distribution
- Take different distributions and make them equivalent and comparable
z-Score and Location in a Distribution
Exact location is described by z-score
- Sign tells whether score is located above or below the mean
- Number tells distance between score and mean in standard deviation
Relationship Between z-scores and Locations
Equation for z-score
Determining a raw score from a z-score
A z-score distribution is called a…
standardized distribution
z-scores used for comparisons
- All z-scores are comparable to each other
-Scores from different distributions can be converted to z-scores
- z-scores (standardized scores) allow the direct comparison of scores from two different distributions ‘because’ they have been converted to the same scale
Probability
is a tool used in statistics to evaluate the reliability of your conclusions about the population when you only have sample information.
The Unit Normal Table
A complete list of z scores and proportions is provided by this table
