SPINE of Statistics Flashcards
what does SPINE stand for?
standard error / parameters / interval estimates / null hypothesis / estimates
what is sampling variance?
a sample is just one of many, so there will be a variety of means
what is sampling error?
unrepresentativeness
what is sampling distribution?
the distribution between samples
what are confidence intervals?
intervals which contain the true population value of the parameter / 95% will hit the true value
what is standard error?
how parameters differ from sample to sample / variability
what is null hypothesis significance testing?
when an observations tested against a null hypothesis
what are p values linked to…?
sample size: ^ sample = ^ significance
what should you use instead of p values?
effect size
what is effect size?
quantifies the difference between two groups / standardised mean
definition of p value?
the probability of obtaining data as extreme as you have - assuming the null hypothesis is true
what is cohen’s d?
an effect size which indicated the standardised difference between two means
what does it mean if d=0?
the means are the same
what does it mean if d=1?
the means are 1 standard deviation apart
what is a small and large effect size?
small = 0.2 / large = 0.8
how do you calculate cohens d?
difference in means / SD
model 2 > …
model 2 > model 1 > model 0 (mean)
