Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OS Exam 2 > Spine Mechanics > Flashcards

Spine Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

vertebral unit

A

two adjacent vertebrae

associated intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rule of 3’s

A

refers to the location of the spinous process in relation to the transverse process in the thoracic spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T1-T3

A

spinous process located at the level of the corresponding transverse process

*same level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T4-T6

A

spinous process located 1/2 a segment below the corresponding transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T7-T10

A

spinous process located at the level of the TP of the vertebrae ONE below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T11

A

spinous process located 1/2 a segment below the corresponding transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T12

A

Spinous process located at the level of the corresponding transverse process
*same level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cervical Superior Facet Orientation

A

backward, upward, medial

BUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thoracic Superior Facet Orientation

A

backward, upward, lateral

BUL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lumbar Superior Facet Orientation

A

backwards medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

covers and connects the anteroalateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and IV discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

weaker band that runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of vertebral bodies

  • resists hyperflexion
  • prevents posterior herniation of nucleus pulposus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ligamentum Flava

A

connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rotatores

A

breves and longi

  • bilateral: extend
  • unilateral: rotates opposite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

multifidus

A

found in lumbar region (skips 2-4 vertebrae)

  • bilateral: extends the spine
  • unilateral: flexes spine to the same side, rotates opposite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Semispinalis

A
  • bilateral: extends thoracic and cervical spine

- unilateral: bends to same side, rotates opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Flexion

A

40-90 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Extension

A

20-45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sidebending

A

15-30 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rotation

A

3-18 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coupled Motion

A

CONSISTENT association of a motion along or about one axis with another motion along a 2nd axis
-principle motion can’t be produced without the associated motion occuring

22
Q

Linkage

A

relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures

-increased ROM

23
Q

Elastic barrier

A

range between the physiologic & anatomic barrier of motion in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs BEFORE tissue disruption

24
Q

Excessive motion/restriction

A

references the vertebrae above in a functional vertebral unit

-ie. excess motion of L2 is the motion of L2 on L3

25
Q

Type 1 Mechanics

A
  • Neutral
  • Sidebending and rotation are couple in OPPOSITE directions
  • tends to be a group of vertebrae
26
Q

Type 2 Mechanics

A
  • Flexion or Extension
  • Sidebending and Rotation are coupled in the SAME direction
  • tends to be a single vertebrae
27
Q

Naming Somatic Disfunction

A
  1. locate the vertebra
  2. Indicate position (N, F, E)
  3. Indicated sidebending
  4. Indicated rotation
28
Q

Fryette’s 3rd Principle

A

initiating a movement of a vertebral segment in any place of motion will modify the movement OF THAT SEGMENT in other planes of motion

-restricted in 1 direction (motion will be restricted in other directions

29
Q

Fryette’s Principles

A

THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE ONLY

  • neutral: sidebending and rotation are couple in oposite directions
  • F/E: sidebending and rotation are coupled in the same direction
30
Q

Push TP right

A

vertebra rotates left

31
Q

Right PTP

A

restriction of left rotation
-hard end feel
(restricted in rotation to the left)

32
Q

Spine of the Scapula

A

T3 spinous process

T3 transverse process

33
Q

Inferior angle of the Scapula

A

spinous process of T7

TP of T8

34
Q

Iliac Crest

A

level of L4 vertebra

35
Q

Scoliosis

A 
lateral curvature of the spine
named toward convexity 
(Levo-left and dextro-right)
-more common in females
Cobb angle 
do forward bending test
36
Q

Cobb angle and managment in Scoliosis

A 
less than 25 degrees
-conservative: monitor
25-45 degrees
-non-operative: braces
more than 45
-surgical fusion to prevent progression

failure of proper management can cause respiratory compromise (50+) and cardiac compromise (75+)

37
Q

Mechanical Low Back Pain

radiation below the knee

A

radiculopathy
spinal stenosis
cauda equina syndrome

38
Q

Straight Leg Raise Test

A

raise the leg with knee extended (nonspecific test)

  • positive test: pain (15-30 degrees)
  • -lumbar disc etiology

–tests for radiculopathy, Spinal stenosis

39
Q

Radiculopathy

A

pain with dermatomal distribution
neurological function may be impaired (lower extremity weakness and diminished reflexes)

-MRI

40
Q

Spinal Stenosis

A

BILATERAL lower limb pain
neurogenic claudication
neuro function may be impaired (LE weakness, diminshed reflexes)

typically chronic

positive straight leg test

41
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome

A

impaired neuro function

  • sadle anesthesia
  • LE weakness
  • diminished reflexes
  • urinary retention

EMERGENCY

usually traumatic
MRI

42
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta

A

failure of the neural tube to close without hernation

43
Q

Spina Bifida Meningocele

A

failures of the neural tube to close with the protrusions of the meninges through the defect

44
Q

S. B. Myelomenginocele

A

failure of the neural tube to close with protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through the defect

45
Q

Sacralization

A

one or both TPs of L5 are long and articulate with the sacrum

46
Q

Spina Bifida

A

defect in the closure of the lamina

47
Q

lumbarization

A

failure of S1 to fuse with the rest of the sacrum

*uncommon AF

48
Q

Spondylosis

A

bony spurs

49
Q

Spondylolysis

A

scotty dog fx

50
Q

Spondylolesthesis

A

slipping of one vertebra on another

OS Exam 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions