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MSK: Exam1 > Spine/Back > Flashcards

Spine/Back Flashcards

1
Q

GSA

A

Proprioception (GTO, MS) Exteroceptive (Pain and temp)

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2
Q

GSE

A

Innervate skeletal muscle

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3
Q

GVA

A

distention, pain from “viscera” (think gut or sweat glands, arrector pili)

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4
Q

GVE

A

autonomic, smooth muscle and gland innervation

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5
Q

Dermatome

A

area of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of spinal nerve

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6
Q

Sacralization

A

Fusion of the L5 with S1 ( only have 4 L vertebrae)

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7
Q

Lumbarization

A

Lack of fusion of S1 with Sacrum (6 lumbar vertebrae)

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8
Q

Number of vertebrae

A

33 ( 5C 12T 5L 5S 4C)

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9
Q

Body of vertebrae

A

largest part, most anterior
spongy on the inside, Compact on the outside
Covered by hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

What passes through the Transverse Cervical Foramen

A

Vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic plexus

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11
Q

Cervical superior articular processes

A

Flat

Obliquely in the coronal plane

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12
Q

why is the vertebral foramen of C1 enlarged

A

to accommodate the brain stem

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13
Q

C7

A

Vertebra prominens
May lack transverse foramina
- if they are there, only transmit vertebral vein

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14
Q

Complete Costal Facet

A

located on TV 1 10 11 12

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15
Q

Thoracic superior articular process

A

Vertically in the coronal plane

Face posterior

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16
Q

Lumar Superior Articular Process

A

Vertically in the sagittal plane

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17
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

facilitated by short non-overlapping Laminae
L5/L5 (adult)
Lower in children
(spine ends L1/L2

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18
Q

Ala of sacrum

A

fused costal and transverse processes of SV1

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19
Q

Intervertebral discs (Structure)

A

outer= anulus fibrosis: concentric rings of fibrocartilage, attaches to body by hyaline cartilage

Inner= elastic, hydrated, gelatinous mass that can move under compression

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20
Q

Intervertebral discs

A 
Thicker anterioral (C and L regions) to maintain secondary curves 
Absorb shock (can bulge past the margins under compression)
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21
Q

Ruptured vs. Herniated Disc

A

Ruptured= tear of A.F.
Herniated=N.P. squeezes thru ruptured disc
- press on spinal nerve and cause rediculopathy

22
Q

Cervical herniation

A

affect spinal nerves at the same level as herniation

23
Q

Lumbar regions

A

affect the spinal nerve one or more segments lower

24
Q

Anterior longitudinal spinal ligament

A

Anterior surface of ALL vertebrae
from occipital bone to sacrum
Deep= short fibers that connect adjacent vertebrae
Superficial= Long fibers that connect many vert
PREVENT EXS EXTENSION

25
Q

Posterior Longitudinal spinal ligament

A

posterior surface of all vertebral bodies from occipital bone to sacrum
> deep and superficial layers
prevents EXS flexion
directs IV disc herniation posteriorlaterally (thereby affecting spinal nerves)
fuses with tectorial membrane

26
Q

Zygapophysis (Facet) joint

A

True synovial jt around the superior/inferior articulating processes
-do not limit ROM (soft tissue does)

27
Q

ROM of cervical region

A

F, E, Rotation, lateral flexion

28
Q

ROM of Thoracic region

A

Rotation, lateral flexion, little flexion

NO extension

limited by ribs, long spinous processes, and thin IV discs

29
Q

ROM of lumbar region

A

F, E, Lateral rotation,

NO rotation

30
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A

Joins lamina of adjacent vert
Yellow due to lots of elastic fibers
Limits flexion and aligns facet joints
CV2 downwards

31
Q

Interspinal ligament

A

Unites adjacent spinous processes

More robust in Lumbar region

32
Q

Supraspinal ligament

A

connects tips of SPs from C7 to sacrum
Deep=span adjacent SPs
Superficial=Spans several vertebrae
Continuous with the nuchal ligament

33
Q

Nuchal Ligament

A

Median extension of supraspinal ligament
Intermuscular septum for poster deep muscles of the neck
—>muscle attachment that does not require extra long spinous processes that would limit ROM

34
Q

Intervertebral foramina contents

A 
Dorsal and ventral roots
DRG
Spinal nerve
Spinal a. 
Intervertebral v.
35
Q

Lateral atlantoaxial articulation

A

synovial joint b/w C1 and C2 articular process

36
Q

Median Atlantoaxial articulation

A

Pivot synovial joint b/w dens and anterior arch of C1

“No”

37
Q

Alar ligament

A

from dens to the occipital condyles (very strong)

tear increase rotation by 30 degrees (think Owls)

38
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

covers dens and associated ligaments

From foramen magnum to C2 where it becomes with posterior longitudinal spinal ligament

39
Q

Spondylolysis

A

defect in the pars interarticularis of the neural arch of adjacent vertebrae (decreased integrity b/w)

bilateral=spondylolisthesis

Causes the entire part of spine above the defect to slide forward
most common in L5 and S1

40
Q

Spinal arteries

A

run parallel to the vertebral column

enter the intervertebral foramen and divide into ossesous branches and neural branches

41
Q

Osseous branches

A

anastomose with branches above, below, and across to form plexuses within the vertebral canal between the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum

42
Q

Neural Branches

A

Provide radicular branches which travel with spinal nerve and beyond

43
Q

Radicular arteries

A

All spinal nerve roots have an associated radicular artery

end before reaching the anterior or posterior arteries

44
Q

Spinal veins

A

4 plexuses drain the vertebral column
all four run the entire length
all freely communicate with each other
DO NOT possess valves

45
Q

Vein Plexuses

A

Anterior external
Posterior external
Anterior internal- in epidural space, next to posterior longitudianl ligament
Posterior internal- epidural space, next to laminae ligamenta flava

46
Q

Basivertebral veins

A

drain bodies of teh vertebrae to the anterior internal plexus

47
Q

intervertebral veins

A

receive drainage from ALL plexuses and pass through the intervertebral foramina

48
Q

Suboccipital triangle

A 
Lat/sup: Obliquus capitis superior 
Lat/inf: obliquus capitis inferior 
Medial: rectus capitis posterior major
Roof: semispinalis capitis 
floor: posterior atlantooccipital membrane and the posterior arch of atlas

contains vertebral artery, Suboccipital nerve, Greater occipital nerve

49
Q

Suboccipital nerve

A

C1 dorsal ramus

pierces posterior atlantooccipital membrane where it passes thru the triangle to innovate at suboccipital muscles

50
Q

Greater occipital nerve

A

pierces semispinalis capitis and trap to innervate the posterior skull (think tension HA)

51
Q

How to check for spinal accessory nerve integrity

A

ask pt to shrug shoulders against resistance, any disparity implies injury to spinal accessory

MSK: Exam1 (6 decks)

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