Spine Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid
O: Sternum and clavicle
I: Mastoid Process
A: bilaterally: flexes neck, hyperextends head; unilaterally: laterally bends the neck, rotates face to the opposite side
N: Accessory nerve (CN XI); second and third cervical nerves
Scalenes
O: Transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
I: First and second ribs
A: Bilaterally: assists in neck flexion; Unilaterally: neck lateral bending
N: lower cervical nerves (C3-C8)
Erector Spinae
Iliocostalis portion
O: iliac crest, lower ribs
I: angles of ribs, upper ribs, and transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Longissimus portion
O: transverse processes at lower levels
I: transverse processes at upper levels, mastoid process
Spinalis portion
O: spinous processes below
I: spinous processes above
A: Bilaterally: extend neck and trunk; Unilaterally: rotate head and laterally bend neck and trunk to the same side
N: spinal nerves
Splenius Capitus
O: Lower half of nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 through T3
I: Lateral occipital bone; mastoid process
A: Bilaterally: extend head and neck; Unilaterally: laterally bend and rotate the face to same side
N: middle and lower cervical nerves
Splenius Cervicis
O: spinous processes of T3 through T6
I: transverse processes of C1 through C3
A: Bilaterally: extend neck; Unilaterally: laterally bend and rotate the face to same side
N: Middle and lower cervical nerves
Rectus Abdominis
O: pubic crest
I: xiphoid process and costal cartilages of fifth to seventh ribs
A: trunk flexion, compression of abdomen
N: seventh through 12th intercostal nerves
External Oblique
O: iliac crest, pubic tubercle and linea alba
I: lower eight ribs laterally
A: bilaterally: trunk flexion, compression of abdomen; Unilaterally: lateral bending to same side, rotation to opposite side
N: eight through 12th intercostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves
Internal oblique
O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
I: eighth through twelfth ribs, linea alba
A: bilaterally: trunk flexion, compression of abdomen; unilaterally; lateral bending; rotation to same side
N: eighth through 12th intercostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves
Transverse abdominis
O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and costal cartilages of the last seven ribs
I: pubic crest, abdominal aponeurosis, and linea alba
A: compression of abdomen
N: seventh through 12th intercostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
Transversospinalis
O: transverse processes
I: spinous processes of the vertebrae above
A: bilaterally: extend neck and trunk; unilaterally: rotate head, neck, and trunk to opposite side
N: spinal nerves
Interspinales
O: spinous process below
I: spinous process above
A: neck and trunk extension
N: spinal nerves
Intertransversarii
O: transverse process below
I: transverse process above
A: neck and trunk lateral bending to the same side
N: spinal nerves
