Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ortho ResStudy > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What is appearance of hemangioma on spine CT?

A

vertical striations in vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is ASIA Grade A spinal cord injury?

A

No sensory or motor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did SPORT trial show with regards to spinal stenosis?

A

Spinal stenosis treated with surgery had greater improvement in pain and function than patients treated nonsurgically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is appearance of osteochondroma on spine CT and pathology slides

A

CT: sessile bony mass in posterior elements
Path: benign cartilage cap w/ benign bone elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What artery can you injury with C1 screws?

A

vertebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What spine conditions are associated with HLA B27 (2)?

A

Scheuermann kyphosis, ankylosing spondylitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the next step in workup for a patient who had I&D of lumbar epidural abscess and IV abx but continues to worsen clinically?

A

MRI thoracic and cervical spine to identify skip lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is characteristic symptom of lumbar stenosis and what is treatment?

A

Neurogenic claudication

Laminectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 2 types of congenital scoliosis have the lowest risk of progression?

A

Block and wedge vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What nerve root provides sensation to the thumb?

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are anterior ADI, posterior ADI, and spinal canal diameter cutoffs for surgery in RA?

A

anterior ADI: > 6 mm
posterior ADI: < 13 mm
spinal canal diameter: <13 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What approach should be used for an extraforaminal hernation?

A

Wiltse approach - far lateral muscle sparing approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerve roots contribute to the obturator, femoral and sciatic nerves?

A

obturator: L1, L2, L3
femoral: L3, L4
sciatic: L4, L5, S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is typical clinical presentation of DISH patient who fractures? What is treatment?

A

Severe pain with minor trauma. Long segment posterior fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is management of a thoracic spine fracture of all 3 columns in someone with ankylosis spondylitis?

A

Posterior spinal fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is treatment for someone who s/p ACDF and then goes on to later have myelopathy and cord signal change at same level?

A

posterior decompression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What test should be ordered for patients with history of gastric bypass undergoing spinal fusion?

A

DEXA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is treatment of stable burst fractures without neurologic deficit? What have studies shown about nonop vs. operative treatment?

A

bracing; nonop treatment has less pain and better functional outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is treatment for patient with ankylosis spondylitis who sustains a c-spine fx?

A

posterior cervical instrumented fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is surgery indicated in thoracic disc herniations?

A

frank or progressive myelopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What test should be done before a disc replacement is performed?

A

DEXA scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common reason for reoperation after surgery for adult spinal deformity?

A

pseudoarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What angle best correlates with overall sagital alignment? How do you measure it?

A

Pelvic incidence - one line from femoral head to center of S1 endplate, another line perpendicular to S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is treatment for a floating lateral mass fracture?

A

two level fusion (can be anterior or posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is treatment for cervical myelopathy in someone who is a smoker?

A

laminoplasty (want to avoid fusion)

22
Q

What 3 factors predict a poor postop outcome for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM)?

A

low intramedullary signal on T1 MRI, clonus, spasticity

23
Q

What is next step in patient with vertebral osteomyelitis who has a negative CT guided biopsy?

A

Obtain a second CT guided biopsy

24
Q

What do xrays look like for patients with osteopetrosis? What is the mutation?

A

significant sclerosis (bone within a bone appearance); chloride 7 (CLCN7) gene

25
Q

How does giant cell tumor appear on CT scan? What is a reasonable nonsurgical option if patient wants to avoid surgery?

A

Lytic lesion; denosumab

26
Q

What diagnosis has disordered appearance of bone with multiple intersecting lines on histology? What is the treatment?

A

Paget’s disease; bisphosphonates

27
Q

Which nerve root is affected in lumbar spondylisthesis?

A

exiting nerve root (e.g. L5 in an L5-S1 spondylisthesis)

28
Q

When should you allow a football player return to play when he sustains a cervical herniated disc?

A

No symptoms and negative neurologic exam

29
Q

How long do you extend the fusion in Scheuermann’s kyphosis?

A

just past the first lordotic disc space

30
Q

What nerve innervates the intervertebral disc?

A

sinu-vertebral nerve

31
Q

What timeframe do you want to perform cervical decompression in acute SCI?

A

within 24 hours

32
Q

What are the treatment thresholds in the TLICS scoring system?

A

0-3: nonop
4: surgeon’s decision
5 or greater: operative

33
Q

What amplitude change in SSEPs is indicative of an intraoperative spinal cord injury?

A

over 50%

34
Q

What is prognosis for someone who undergoes surgery for cauda equina syndrome?

A

improvement in pain and sensory symptoms but urinary symptoms and sexual dysfunction may persist

35
Q

What imaging should you get for someone who is diagnosed with Klippel-Feil syndrome on AP/lateral cervical xrays?

A

flexion/extension views to look for atlantoaxial instability

36
Q

What is treatment of a displaced dens fracture in an elderly person with pectus carinatum?

A

Posterior C1-2 fusion

Screw contraindicated due to rounded chest

Halo vest contraindicated due to age

37
Q

What are some differences between presentation of DISH and ankylosing spondylitis?

A

DISH - older people, no pain, ossification of ALL

AS - younger people, painful, SI joint erosion

38
Q

What is a common complication after spinal deformity surgery? What factors (3) increase the risk of reoperation?

A

PJK

older patients, excessive postop lumbar lordosis, larger corrections

39
Q

What lumbar level has the highest rate of nerve injury for a LLIF through a transpsoas approach? What nerve is injured?

A

L4-5, femoral nerve

40
Q

What are difference in outcomes for pedicle screw fixation without fusion vs. fusion for patient w/ burst fracture?

A

less blood loss and OR time for pedicle screw fixation alone and no difference in long term outcomes

41
Q

What complication occurs with a double screw construct for odontoid fixation in elderly patients?

A

higher rates of cutout than single screw

42
Q

What does the Torg-Pavlov ratio measure? What is the commonly used threshold?

A

cervical stenosis; <0.8

43
Q

What intraoperative strategy can be used to decrease risk of pedicle screw failure in osteoporotic patient?

A

augmenting screw with PMMA cement

44
Q

What nerve root palsy is most common in cervical spine surgery? What muscles are affected?

A

C5; deltoid and biceps

45
Q

How do you interpret SINS (Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score)?

A

0-6 = stable
7-12= potentially stable
13 or greater= unstable

46
Q

What is considered a significant change in motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials during neuromonitoring (in terms of latency and amplitude)

A

10% increase in latency
50% increase in amplitude

47
Q

An MIS LLIF at what level has the highest risk of nerve injury to the lumbar plexus?

A

L4-5

48
Q

What vascular structure is at risk of being injured with C1 lateral mass screws? How should you angle your screws to avoid this?

A

internal carotid artery; 10 degrees medial

49
Q

What is the effect of injecting local corticosteroid after a multi level ACDF

A

lower dysphagia rates

50
Q

What part of spine is BMP contraindicated in in spine surgery? Why?

A

anterior cervical spine; higher risk of death due to soft tissue swelling

51
Q

What is an advantage of lumbopelvic fixation over iliosacral screws for U-type sacral fxs?

A

Immediate weight bearing and more likely to discharge home w/ lumbopelvic fixation

52
Q

What additional imaging test should you get for a thoracic herniated disc and why?

A

CT thoracic spine; thoracic herniated discs often calcify which can alter your surgical approach

53
Q

What are differences in outcomes between posterior foraminotomy and ACDF and cervical herniated disc?

A

higher incidence of postsurgical neck and recurrence of radiculopathy w/ foraminotomy

54
Q

What two complications are more common with transperitoneal approach compared to retroperitoneal approach for ALIFs?

A

retrograde ejaculation, ileus

55
Q

What is the most common nerve root palsy after cervical laminoplasty?

A

C5

56
Q

What treatment is associated with vertebral fracture in a patient with a metaplastic lesion in vertebral body?

A

radiation

57
Q

What is prevalence of cervical spine degenerative changes in adult population?

A

50-60% of people

58
Q

What associated injury has been shown to have the largest impact on quality of life scores in a young male with a sacral fracture?

A

neurologic injury

Ortho ResStudy (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions