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rad ana > spine > Flashcards

spine Flashcards

1
Q

forms the central axis of the skeleton and is centered in the midsagittal plane of the posterior part of the trunk.

A

VERTEBRAL COLUMN/ SPINE

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2
Q

The vertebral column is composed of small segments of bone called

A

vertebrae

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3
Q

Average bones in a child.

A

33 bones

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4
Q

Disks of fibrocartilage that separates the vertebral bodies and act as cushions to the spine.

A

Intervertebral Disks

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4
Q

Average bones in adults.

A

26 bones

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5
Q

Each disk has a central mass of soft, pulpy, semi gelatinous material called

A

nucleus pulposus

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6
Q

it is the outer fibrocartilaginous disk that surrounds nucleus pulposus

A

annulus fibrosus

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7
Q

the rupture or protrusion of pulpy nucleus into the vertebral canal, thereby impinging on the spinal nerve

A

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) / Slipped Disk

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8
Q

Often occurs in the lumbar region.

A

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) / Slipped Disk

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9
Q

4 Function of the Vertebral Column

A
  • It encloses and protects the spinal cord.
  • It acts as a support for the trunk.
  • It supports the skull superiorly.
  • Provides attachment for the deep muscles of the back and the rib laterally
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10
Q

5 Regions of the Vertebral Column

A

Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacral Vertebrae
Coccygeal Vertebrae

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11
Q

true or movable vertebrae

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

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12
Q

false or fixed vertebrae

A

Sacrum and Coccyx

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13
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

7 bones

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13
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

5 bones

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14
Q

Sacral Vertebrae

A

5 bones or 1 bone

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14
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

12 bones

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15
Q

Coccygeal Vertebrae

A

3 or 5 bones / 1 bones

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16
Q

4 Vertebral Curvature

A

Cervical and Lumbar curve
Thoracic and Pelvic curve

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17
Q

Convex Anteriorly
Concave posteriorly

A

Cervical and Lumbar curve

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18
Q

Concave Anteriorly
Convex Posteriorly

A

Thoracic and Pelvic curve

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19
Q

Lordotic Curves

A

Cervical and Lumbar curve

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19
Q

Kyphotic Curves

A

Thoracic and Pelvic curve

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20
Q

are called primary curves because they are present at birth.

A

Thoracic and Pelvic curve

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21
Q

are called secondary or compensatory curves because they develop after birth.

A

Cervical and Lumbar curve

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22
Q

develops when the child begin to walk at about 1 to 1.5 years of age.

A

Lumbar Vertebrae

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22
Q

develop when the child begins to hold the head up at about 3 or 4 months

A

Cervical Vertebrae

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23
Q

Any abnormal increase in the anterior concavity (posterior convexity) of the thoracic curve.

Humpback

Exaggerated thoracic curvature

A

Kyphosis

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24
Q

Any abnormal increase in the anterior convexity (posterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical curve.

Swayback

Exaggerated lumbar curvature.

A

Lordosis

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25
Q

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

A

Scoliosis

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26
Q
  • Describes a spinal curve to the right
  • Usually occurring in the thoracic spine
  • The most common type of curve
A

Dextroscoliosis

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27
Q
  • Describes a spinal curve to the left
  • Common in the lumbar spine
A

Levoscolios

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28
Q

Atypical vertebrae (Cervical Vertebrae)

A

C1, C2, C7

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29
Q

The anterior mass of bone

A

Body

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30
Q

Typical vertebrae (Cervical Vertebrae)

A

C3, C4, C5, C6

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30
Q

2 Main Parts TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRA

A

Body and Vertebral Arch

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31
Q

The posterior ringlike portion of the vertebrae

A

Vertebral Arch

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32
Q

The space between the body and the vertebral arch

A

Vertebral Foramen

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33
Q

Vertebral Arch is formed by

A

2 pedicles 2 laminae

that supports:
4 articular processes
2 transverse processes
1 spinous process

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34
Q

Arise from the junction of the pedicles and laminae to articulate with the vertebrae above and below
two superior and two inferior.

A

Articular Process

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35
Q

the 1st cervical vertebra

A

C1/ Atlas

35
Q

Interarticular Facet Joints or
Apophyseal Joints

A

Zygapophyseal Joint

36
Q

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches.

A

Zygapophyseal Joint

37
Q

It is a ringlike structure with no body and has a very short spinous process.

A

C1/ Atlas

38
Q

C1 / Atlas consists of

A

an anterior arch
a posterior arch
2 lateral masses
2 transverse processes

39
Q

Divides the arches of C1 into anterior and posterior portion

A

Transverse Atlantal Ligament

40
Q

The ______ portion of the ring receives the dens (odontoid process) of the axis.

A

Anterior

41
Q

The __________ portion transmits the proximal spinal cord.

A

Posterior

42
Q

Odontoid process is aka

A

Dens

43
Q

The 2nd cervical vertebra.

A

C2 / Axis

44
Q

This is the strong conical process arising from the upper surface of its body

A

Dens / Odontoid Process

44
Q

has a strong conical process arising from the upper surface of its body

A

C2 / Axis

45
Q

has a long, prominent spinous process that projects almost horizontally to the posterior

A

C7 / Vertebra Prominens

46
Q

The spinous process are short and has double pointed (bifid) tips

A

Typical Cervical Vertebra

46
Q

double pointed tips

A

bifid

47
Q

How many foramina do all cervical vertebrae have?

A

3
Right & Left Transverse Foramina
Vertebral Foramen

48
Q

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical region are directed anteriorly at a ______ degree angle from the midsagittal plane of the body.

A

45 degree angle

49
Q

The foramina are also directed at a ____ degree inferior angle to the horizontal plane of the body.

A

15 degree

50
Q

Each thoracic body have ______ for articulation with the heads of the ribs

A

costal facets

51
Q

The foramina are clearly demonstrated radiographically with the patient in what position?

A

True Lateral Position

52
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic vertebrae form an angle of ___ to ___ degree to the midsagittal plane of the body.

A

70 - 75 degree

53
Q

Processes under Lumbar Vertebra

A

Mamillary Process , Accessory Process, Pars Interarticularis

54
Q

is a smoothly rounded projection on the back of each superior articular process

A

Mamillary Process

55
Q

is at the back of the root of the transverse process.

A

Accessory Proces

56
Q

(neck area of the Scottie Dog)

The part of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes

A

Pars Interarticularis

57
Q

Scottie Dog

A

Scottish Terrier

57
Q

The superior four pairs of foramina are demonstrated radiographically with the patient in a ______ position

A

True Lateral Position

58
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar region are inclined posteriorly from the coronal plane, forming an angle of ___ to ___ degree to the midsagittal plane of the body.

A

30 - 35 degree

59
Q

Topographic Landmarks

C1

A

Mastoidtip–1 inch below EAM

60
Q

Topographic Landmarks

C3

A

Gonion

61
Q

Topographic Landmarks

C4 / C5

A

Adam’s Apple

62
Q

Topographic Landmarks

Body of T1

A

Vertebra Prominens

63
Q

Topographic Landmarks

T1

A

1.5 inches superior to jugular notch

64
Q

Topographic Landmarks

T2 and T3

A

Jugular Notch

65
Q

Topographic Landmarks

Junction of T4 and T5

A

Sternal Angle

66
Q

Topographic Landmarks

T7

A

3 to 4 inches inferior to Jugular Notch

67
Q

Topographic Landmarks

Junction of T9-T10

A

Xiphoid Process

68
Q

Topographic Landmarks

Greater Trochanter

A

Symphysis Pubis

69
Q

Topographic Landmarks
S1 and S2

A

ASIS

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

70
Q

Topographic Landmarks

Junction of L4 and L5

A

Iliac Crest

71
Q

Topographic Landmarks

L2–L3

A

The lowest margin of the ribs

72
Q

Fracture of the Dens

A

Odontoid Fx

73
Q

Kyphosis with onset in adolescence

A

Scheuermann’sDisease/Adolescent Kyphosis

74
Q

Comminuted fracture of the ring of C1

A

Jefferson Fx

75
Q

Fracture that causes compaction of bone and a decrease in length or width

A

Compression Fx

76
Q

A congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop, thus exposing part of the spinal cord. Occurs most often at L5

A

Spina Bifida

77
Q

is a generic term used to
describe an injury to the neck caused when the neck is suddenly and/or violently jolted in one direction to another. Commonly occurs in people who have experienced a vehicular accident.

A

Whiplash

78
Q

Fracture of the anterior arch of C2 due to hyperextension.

A

Hangman’s Fx

79
Q

was introduced by Schneider in 1965

A

Hangman’s Fx

80
Q

result from a hyperflexion force that causes fracture through the vertebral body and posterior elements (spinous process, pedicles, facets, transverse processes).

A

Chance Fx

81
Q

are fractures of the spinous process of a lower cervical vertebra (usually C7), and are usually a stress fracture.

A

Clay-shoveler’s fracture

81
Q

The mechanism of injury is compression with hyperflexion in the cervical region. The vertebral body is comminuted, with triangular fragments avulsed from the anteroinferior border and fragments from the posterior vertebral body displaced into the spinal canal.

A

Teardrop BurstFracture

82
Q

Is the inflammation of the vertebrae

A

Spondylitis

83
Q

Is an inflammatory condition that usually begins in the sacroiliac joints and progresses up the vertebral column. The spine may become completely rigid as the intervertebral and costovertebral joints fuse

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

84
Q

is the forward displacement of a vertebra, especially the fifth lumbar vertebra, most commonly occurring after a break or fracture. Backward displacement is referred to as retrolisthesis.

A

Spondylolisthesis

85
Q

a defect or fracture of the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch

A

Spondylolysis

86
Q

is a term referring to degenerative osteoarthritis of the joints of the spinal vertebrae

A

Spondylosis

87
Q

occurs when the vertebra takes on a characteristic of the adjacent region of the spine. Most often in the lumbosacral region in which the vertebrae possess enlarged transverse processes. Another example of transitional vertebra involves the cervical and lumbar ribs.

A

Transitional Vertebra

88
Q

a congenital anomaly, in which the transverse process of the last lumbar vertebra (L5) fuses to the sacrum on one side or both, or
to ilium, or both.

A

Sacralization of the fifth lumbar vertebra

89
Q

Incomplete or partial dislocation

A

Subluxation

90
Q

This condition is characterized by loss of bone mass

A

Osteoporosis

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