spine Flashcards
forms the central axis of the skeleton and is centered in the midsagittal plane of the posterior part of the trunk.
VERTEBRAL COLUMN/ SPINE
The vertebral column is composed of small segments of bone called
vertebrae
Average bones in a child.
33 bones
Disks of fibrocartilage that separates the vertebral bodies and act as cushions to the spine.
Intervertebral Disks
Average bones in adults.
26 bones
Each disk has a central mass of soft, pulpy, semi gelatinous material called
nucleus pulposus
it is the outer fibrocartilaginous disk that surrounds nucleus pulposus
annulus fibrosus
the rupture or protrusion of pulpy nucleus into the vertebral canal, thereby impinging on the spinal nerve
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) / Slipped Disk
Often occurs in the lumbar region.
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) / Slipped Disk
4 Function of the Vertebral Column
- It encloses and protects the spinal cord.
- It acts as a support for the trunk.
- It supports the skull superiorly.
- Provides attachment for the deep muscles of the back and the rib laterally
5 Regions of the Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacral Vertebrae
Coccygeal Vertebrae
true or movable vertebrae
cervical, thoracic, lumbar
false or fixed vertebrae
Sacrum and Coccyx
Cervical Vertebrae
7 bones
Lumbar Vertebrae
5 bones
Sacral Vertebrae
5 bones or 1 bone
Thoracic Vertebrae
12 bones
Coccygeal Vertebrae
3 or 5 bones / 1 bones
4 Vertebral Curvature
Cervical and Lumbar curve
Thoracic and Pelvic curve
Convex Anteriorly
Concave posteriorly
Cervical and Lumbar curve
Concave Anteriorly
Convex Posteriorly
Thoracic and Pelvic curve
Lordotic Curves
Cervical and Lumbar curve
Kyphotic Curves
Thoracic and Pelvic curve
are called primary curves because they are present at birth.
Thoracic and Pelvic curve
are called secondary or compensatory curves because they develop after birth.
Cervical and Lumbar curve
develops when the child begin to walk at about 1 to 1.5 years of age.
Lumbar Vertebrae
develop when the child begins to hold the head up at about 3 or 4 months
Cervical Vertebrae
Any abnormal increase in the anterior concavity (posterior convexity) of the thoracic curve.
Humpback
Exaggerated thoracic curvature
Kyphosis
Any abnormal increase in the anterior convexity (posterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical curve.
Swayback
Exaggerated lumbar curvature.
Lordosis
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
- Describes a spinal curve to the right
- Usually occurring in the thoracic spine
- The most common type of curve
Dextroscoliosis
- Describes a spinal curve to the left
- Common in the lumbar spine
Levoscolios
Atypical vertebrae (Cervical Vertebrae)
C1, C2, C7
The anterior mass of bone
Body
Typical vertebrae (Cervical Vertebrae)
C3, C4, C5, C6
2 Main Parts TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRA
Body and Vertebral Arch
The posterior ringlike portion of the vertebrae
Vertebral Arch
The space between the body and the vertebral arch
Vertebral Foramen
Vertebral Arch is formed by
2 pedicles 2 laminae
that supports:
4 articular processes
2 transverse processes
1 spinous process
Arise from the junction of the pedicles and laminae to articulate with the vertebrae above and below
two superior and two inferior.
Articular Process