SPINE Flashcards
How many Vertebrae are there
33
How many fused vertebrae are there
26
What are the 2 fused vertebra
Sacrum and Coccyx
How many Intervertebral discs are there
23
There are no IVDs where
between C1-C2, sacrum and coccyx
2 Normal curves of the Vertebra
Primary
Secondary
2 under primary curves
Thoracic
Sacral
2 under secondary curves
Cervical
Lumbar
curve that you are born woth
Primary Curvature
In primary curvature the posterior is? concave or convex?
Convex
it is the normal curve which develops
Secondary curvature
In secondary curvature the cervical becomes _____ when the baby lifts head
posterior concave
in secondary curvature the lumbar becomes ________ when the baby walks
posterior concave
FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINE
SAFES
- Stuctural support
- attachment points
- Flexibility and movement
- encloses and protects
- shock absorbers
True or False. The spine prpvides structural support for the body. It forms the central axis, supporting the weight of the head only.
False. Head, torso and upper limbs
True or False. The vertebral column encloses and protects the spine, which is a bundle of nerves responsible for carrying messages between the brain and the body,
False. Spinal cord, not spine
True or False. The vertebral column offers a surprising degree of flexibility and movement
True
True or False. The IVD, which are located between the transverse processes, act as shock absorbers.
False. Vertebral body, not transverse process
True or False. The vertebral column provides attachment points for numerous muscles, which are responsible for movement, posture, and stability
True
In a typical vertebra, the anterior portion of a vertebra is called
vertebral body
The posterior portion of the vertebra is called
Vertebral/neural arch
The neural arch is divided into
pedicles and posterior elements
Identify whether: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar.
Body is small and transversely broad. There are no costal facets
Cervical
Identify whether: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar.
Body is Large and Kidney Shaped. No costal facets.
Lumbar
Identify whether: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar.
Body is medium sized and heart shaped. Costal facets are present on each side
Thoracic
Identify whether: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar.
Vertebral foramen is large and triangular
Cervical and Lumbar
Identify whether: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar.
Vertebral foramen is small and circular
Thoracic
Identify whether: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar.
Spinous process is short, bifid, and inclined inferiorly
Cervical
Identify whether: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar.
Spinous process is long and inclined inferiorly
Thoracic
Identify whether: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar.
Spinous process is short, flat, quadrangular projecting posteriorly
Lumbar
Identify whether: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar.
Transverse process possesses a foramen transversarium
Cervical
Type of joint between the facets
Zygapophyseal Joint
The direction of superior and inferior facet of the cervical vertebrae
Superior: superior and medial
Inferior: anterior and lateral
The direction of the superior and inferior facet of the thoracic vertebrae
Superior: posterior, superior and lateral
Inferior: anterior, inferior, medial
The direction of the superior and inferior facet of the lumbar vertebrae
Superior: posterior and medial
Inferior: anterior and lateral
3 atypical cervical vertebra
Atlas
Axis
C7 prominens
has a dens
axis
no body
atlas
3 atypical vertebra of the thoracic
T1
T9
T10-12
thoracic which has a costal facet for rib articulqtion
T1
Thoracic with no inferior demi facet
T9
Thoracic which have larger bodies and costal facets
T10-12
Atypical Lumbar Vertebra
L5
Lumbar which has a larger, wedge shaped body that provides stable base for spine
L5
These are fobrpcartilaginous cushions located between each vertebra in the spinal column, except for atlas and axis
Intervertebral Discs
Two functions of IVD
- Separate two vertebra bodies, increasing available motion
- transmit load
This is related to both the amount of motion and magnitude of loads
Size of the IVD
IVD make up about ____-_____ of the length pf the vertebral column
20-33%
Disc Thickness varies from ______ in the cervical region to ____ in lumbar
3mm to 9mm
lowest weight bearing loads
cervical
highest weight bearing loads
lumbar
What is the disc height ratio
The greater the ratio, the greater the available ROM
A health IVD typicall has a ratio of ______
0.33-0.45
3 parts of IVD
Nucleus pulposus
Annulus fibrosus
Cartilaginous endplates
A central gel like core that provides most of the shock-absorbing properties
Nucleus pulposus
A tough fibrous outer ring that surrounds the nucleus pulposus and limits its expansion
Annulus fibrosus
Thin layers of hyaline cartilage at the top and bottom of the disc that anchor it to the vertebrae and allow nutrient diffusion
Cartilagnous endplates
