Spine

Question 1

Which vertebrae is known as the axis?

Answer 1

C2

Question 2

What is the name of the tough outer later of the intervertebral discs?

Answer 2

Annulus fibrosus

Question 3

When taking an AP axial projection of the cervicalspine, the CR is directed:

Answer 3

15 degrees cephalad

Question 4

What anatomical structures of the cervical spine are best demonstrated by the lateral projection?

Answer 4

Zygapophyseal joints

Question 5

The atlas is another name for

Answer 5

C1

Question 6

The front leg of the Scottie dog represents the

Answer 6

Inferior articular process

Question 7

On which projection of the spine is the Scottie dog configuration demonstrated?

Answer 7

Oblique of the lumbar spine

Question 8

What is their rationale for using a 72in SID for the lateral projection of the cervical spine?

Answer 8

The SID helps to overcome the magnification caused by the increased OID of the position

Question 9

Which of the following join to form the posterior portion (vertebral arch) of a vertebrae?

Answer 9

Pedicle and lamina

Question 10

What projection of the cervical spine should precede flexion and extension positions?

Answer 10

Lateral projection

Question 11

Which vertebrae have special facets for articulation with the ribs?

Answer 11

Thoracic

Question 12

Which of the following structures are best demonstrated on the lateral projection of the thoracic spine?

Answer 12

Intervertebral foramina

Question 13

What is the breathing technique for the AP or PA image of the spine for scoliosis evaluation?

Answer 13

Suspend respiration

Question 14

The medical condition spondylolisthesis refers to

Answer 14

Forward slipping of the vertebrae on the one below it

Question 15

What is the correct CR angle and entrance point for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?

Answer 15

10 degrees caudad, 2in superior to pubic symphysis

Question 16

Right and left bending (lateral flexion) images of the lumbar spine demonstrate the

Answer 16

Range of motion of the lumbar spine

Question 17

The natural curvature of the thoracic spine is

Answer 17

Kyphotic

Question 18

Which position would result in the least OID when the right zygapophyseal joints are the area of interest?

Answer 18

RPO

Question 19

When obtaining a lateral projection of the lumbar vertebrae, it is necessary to support the spine in a horizontal position to:

Answer 19

Prevent overlapping of the intervertebral disc spaces

Question 20

An anterior oblique projection of the cervical spine demonstrates

Answer 20

Pedicles and intervertebral foramina

Question 21

Where is the CR entrance point for an AP oblique of the lumbar spine

Answer 21

2in medial to ASIS, 1.5 above iliac crest

Question 22

S1/S2 are located at the level of

Answer 22

ASIS

Question 23

The posterior portion of the vertebral arch that lies between the transverse process and the spinous process is the

Answer 23

Lamina

Question 24

Which structures serve as cushions in the anterior portion of the vertebrae column?

Answer 24

Intervertebral discs

Question 25

What type of joints are the zygapophyseal joints ?

Answer 25

Diarthroidal gliding

Question 26

Two projections that extend laterally from the junction of the pedicles and lamina are the

Answer 26

Transverse processes

Question 27

The superior articular processes of C1 articulate with

Answer 27

The base of the skull

Question 28

The cervical spinous processes have what unique characteristic

Answer 28

Bifid tip

Question 29

The zygapophyseal joints are best seen in what projection of the cervical spine?

Answer 29

Lateral

Question 30

The thoracic spine have ____ for rib articulation

Answer 30

Facets/demifacets

Question 31

What type of joints are the costovertebral joints (think movement of breathing)

Answer 31

Diarthroidal gliding

Question 32

The intervertebral foramina are located at 90 degrees to the sagittal plane in the thoracic spine so they are best seen from what perspective/projection?

Answer 32

Lateral

Question 33

The intervertebral foramina are best seen from what perspective in the lumbar spine?

Answer 33

Lateral

Question 34

Which portion of the thoracic spine forms the ears of the Scottie dog

Answer 34

Superior articular process

Question 35

Which portion of the thoracic spine forms the neck of the Scottie dog

Answer 35

Pars interarticularis

Question 36

What structures come together to form the SI joints?

Answer 36

Sacrum and ilium

Question 37

Why do we use a 72in SID for a lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae

Answer 37

To make up for the increase in OID

Question 38

For an AP oblique projection of the cervical spine, what is the angle of the CR

Answer 38

15 degrees cephalad

Question 39

For a PA projection of the cervical spine, what is the angle of the CR?

Answer 39

15 degrees caudad

Question 40

Which side of the intervertebral foramina are seen on the AP oblique of the cervical spine

Answer 40

The side farthest from IR

Question 41

Which side of the intervertebral foramina are seen on the PA projection of the cervical spine ?

Answer 41

The side closest to the

Question 42

Where does the CR enter for an AP of the thoracic spine

Answer 42

T7

Question 43

What are the breathing instructions for the AP thoracic spine

Answer 43

Suspend on expiration

Question 44

What are the breathing instructions for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?

Answer 44

Perform shallow breathing

Question 45

Where does the CR enter on a PA projection of the lumbar spine

Answer 45

Level of iliac crest

Question 46

Why are the AP oblique projections preferred for the lumbar spine?

Answer 46

They demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints and pars interarticularis of the side nearest the IR

Question 47

How much is the central ray angled for the Ap axial lumbosacral

Answer 47

Angled 30-35 cephalad

Question 48

The PA oblique SI joint shows which side of joint

Answer 48

Closest to IR