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Spine & Skull > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

The spine surrounds and protects the ________

A

Spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the 5 regions of the spine?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, & coccyx

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3
Q

What is a lordotic curve?

A

Posterior concave, anterior convexity

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4
Q

What is a kyphotic curve?

A

Posterior convexity, anterior concavity

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5
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

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6
Q

What are the pedicles?

A

Two short projections from the vertebral body that form the vertebral arch

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7
Q

What are the two projections that extend laterally from the pedicles and lamina?

A

Transverse processes

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8
Q

What are the intervertebral disks made of?

A

Annulus fibrosus (outer) & nucleus pulposus (inner)

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9
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are in the cervical spine?

A

7

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10
Q

What is the function of C1 and C2?

A

To support and provide rotation of the skull

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11
Q

C1 has no ___

A

Body

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12
Q

What does the atlas consist of?

A

2 lateral masses connected by an anterior & posterior arch

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13
Q

What do the articular processes of C1 articulate with?

A

Base of skull

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14
Q

What is the name for C7?

A

Vertebra prominens

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15
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?

A

12

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16
Q

What is the function of the transverse foramina?

A

Passageway for arteries and veins

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17
Q

What do the facets and demifacets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

A

Ribs

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18
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?

A

5

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19
Q

In what projection are the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine best seen from?

A

Lateral

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20
Q

What portion of the lumbar vertebrae form the ears of the Scottie dog?

A

Superior articular processes

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21
Q

Which portion of the lumbar vertebrae form the front legs of the dog?

A

Inferior articular processes

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22
Q

Which portion of the lumbar vertebrae form the dogs neck?

A

Pars interarticularis

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23
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacrum?

A

5 all fused together

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24
Q

What does the sacrum articulate with and what joint does this articulation form?

A

Ilium/SI joints

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25
Q

What are “spot film” or “coned down” radiographs?

A

The use of a small radiation field to improve contrast while minimizing distortion

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26
Q

What are the most common areas for spot films?

A

C1 & C2, lumbosacral junction

27
Q

What is the angle of the CR for the AP Axial projection of the C-spine?

A

15 degrees cephalad through thyroid cartilage

28
Q

If the base of the skull is superimposed on the atlas and dens, what positioning error was made?

A

Patients neck was extended too far

29
Q

If upper teeth are superimposed on the atlas & dens, what positioning error was made?

A

Patients neck was flexed too much

30
Q

Where does the CR exit on an AP oblique C-spine?

A

15 degrees cephalad through C4

31
Q

Where does the CR exit on a PA oblique C-spine?

A

15 degrees caudad through C4

32
Q

What anatomy is shown in a PA oblique C-spine?

A

Intervertebral foramina on side touching IR

33
Q

Where does the CR exit for the lateral swimmers projection?

A

C7

34
Q

Where does the CR exit for the AP thoracic spine?

A

3-4in below jugular notch

35
Q

What are the breathing instructions for the AP thoracic spine projection?

A

Suspend

36
Q

Where does the CR exit on a lateral T-spine?

A

Level of T-7

37
Q

What is the breathing technique for the lateral t-spine?

A

Shallow breathing to blur the ribs

38
Q

Where does the CR exit on a lateral L-spine projection?

A

Iliac crest

39
Q

Why are AP obliques preferred over the PA in the lumbar spine?

A

AP oblique demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints & pars interarticularis

40
Q

How much should the body be rotated for the AP oblique of the lumbar spine?

A

45 degrees

41
Q

Where is the CR directed for an AP oblique lumbar spine?

A

2in medial to ASIS & 1.5in superior to iliac crest

42
Q

What projection shows the SI joints?

A

AP Axial lumbosacral

43
Q

Where does the CR exit for the AP oblique projection of the sacrum?

A

15 degrees cephalad, 1in inferior to ASIS

44
Q

Where does the CR exit for a lateral projection of the coccyx?

A

2in inferior to ASIS & 3.5in posterior to ASIS

45
Q

What is the name of the tough, outer layer of the intervertebral disks?

A

Annulus Fibrosus

46
Q

When taking an AP axial projection of the C-spine, the CR is

A

15 degrees cephalad

47
Q

The front leg of the Scottie dog is the

A

Inferior articular process

48
Q

Which projection will demonstrate the Scottie dog?

A

Oblique lumbar spine

49
Q

What is the rationale for using a 72in SID for the lateral projection of the C-spine?

A

SID helps to overcome the magnification caused by increased OID

50
Q

Which of the following join to form the posterior portion (vertebral arch) of a vertebrae?

A

Pedicle and lamina

51
Q

What projection of the C-spine precedes flexion and extension positions?

A

Lateral

52
Q

Which vertebrae have special facets for articulation with the ribs?

A

Thoracic

53
Q

An anterior oblique projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate?

A

Pedicles and intervertebral foramina

54
Q

What is the appropriate breathing technique for an AP/PA spine for scoliosis evaluation?

A

Suspend

55
Q

Which of the following structures are best demonstrated in the lateral projection of the cervical spine?

A

Intervertebral foramina

56
Q

Which anatomy is best demonstrated in the lateral projection of the cervical spine?

A

Intervertebral joints and zygapophyseal joints

57
Q

Spondyliosthesis refers to:

A

Forward slipping of the vertebra on the one below it

58
Q

What is the correct CR angle and entrance point for an AP Axial projection of the coccyx?

A

10 degrees caudal, 2in superior to pubic symphysis

59
Q

The natural curvature of the thoracic spine is

A

Kyphotic

60
Q

Which position would result in the least OID when the right lumbar zygopophyseal joints are in the area of interest?

A

RPO

61
Q

When obtaining a lateral projection of the lumbar vertebrae, it is necessary to support the spine in a horizontal position to:

A

Prevent overlapping of the intervertebral disc spaces

62
Q

Where is the CR entrance point for an AP oblique of the lumbar spine?

A

2.5in to ASIS, 1.5in above iliac crest

63
Q

Which portion of the vertebral arch is situated between the body and the transverse process of a lumbar vertebrae?

A

Pedicle

Spine & Skull (2 decks)

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