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Anatomy > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

External Oblique Origin

A

Ribs 5-12

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2
Q

External Oblique Insertion

A

Pubic tubercle, Iliac crest, and Linea alba

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3
Q

External Oblique Innervation

A

Anterior rami nerves

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4
Q

External Oblique Action

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera, flexes and contralaterally rotates trunk

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5
Q

Internal Oblique Origin

A

Iliac crest, Thoracolumbar fascia

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6
Q

Internal Oblique Insertion

A

Ribs 10-12, Linea alba, Pecten pubis

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7
Q

Internal Oblique Innervation

A

Anterior Rami

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8
Q

Internal Oblique Action

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera, flexes and ipsilaterally rotates trunk

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9
Q

Transverse Abdominis Origin

A

Costal Cartilage 7-12, Iliac crest, Thoracolumbar fascia

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10
Q

Transverse Abdominis Insertion

A

Linea alba, Pecten pubis and Pubic crest

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11
Q

Transverse Abdominis Innervation

A

Anterior Rami

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12
Q

Transverse Abdominis Action

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

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13
Q

Rectus Abdominis Origin

A

Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

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14
Q

Rectus Abdominis Insertion

A

Costal cartridges 5-7 and xiphoid process of sternum

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15
Q

Rectus Abdominis Innervation

A

Anterior Rami

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16
Q

Rectus Abdominis Action

A

Flexes trunk, compresses abdominal viscera and stabilizes tilt of pelvis

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17
Q

Levatores Costarum Origin

A

Transverse processes of cervical and thoracic

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18
Q

Levatores Costarum Insertion

A

Subjacent ribs

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19
Q

Levatores Costarum Action

A

Elevate ribs, assists with respiration and lateral flexion of vertebral column

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20
Q

Levatores Costarum Innervation

A

Posterior Rami

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21
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Origin

A

12th rib and transverse processes Lumbar spine

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22
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Insertion

A

Iliac crest and Iliolumbar ligament

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23
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Innervation

A

Anterior Rami

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24
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Action

A

Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, fixes 12th rib during inspiration

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25
Q

Psoas Major Origin

A

Transverse processes, sides of bodies and intervening intervertebral disc in lumbar spine

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26
Q

Psoas Major Insertion

A

Lesser trochanter of Femur

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27
Q

Psoas Major Innervation

A

Anterior Rami

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28
Q

Psoas Major Action

A

Acting with iliacus, flexes hip and trunk; flexes vertebral column laterally; used to balance trunk in sitting position

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29
Q

SCM Origin

A

Manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle

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30
Q

SCM Insertion

A

Mastoid Process and Lateral Nuchal Line

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31
Q

SCM Innervation

A

Accessory Nerve (CN 11)

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32
Q

SCM Action

A

Bilaterally: flexes head at lower cervical vertebrae, flexes at upper cervical vertebrae, elevates thorax for respiration,
Unilaterally: turns face toward opposite side, tilts head to same side

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33
Q

Anterior Scalene Origin

A

Transverse processes C3-C6

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34
Q

Anterior Scalene Insertion

A

Scalene tubercle on 1st rib

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35
Q

Anterior Scalene Innervation

A

Anterior Rami

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36
Q

Anterior Scalene Action

A

Elevates 1st rib and flexes head laterally bends to same side

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37
Q

Middle Scalene Origin

A

Transverse processes of C5-C7

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38
Q

Middle Scalene Insertion

A

1st rib and subclavian groove of the clavicle

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39
Q

Middle Scalene Innervation

A

Anterior Rami

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40
Q

Middle Scalene Action

A

Elevates 1st rib and flexes head laterally bends to same side

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41
Q

Posterior Scalene Origin

A

Transverse processes C5-C7

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42
Q

Posterior Scalene Insertion

A

2nd Rib

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43
Q

Posterior Scalene Innervation

A

Anterior Rami

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44
Q

Posterior Scalene Action

A

Elevates 2nd rib and flexes head laterally bends to same side

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45
Q

Trapezius Origin

A

Spinous processes of C7-T12, Nuchal ligament and External occipital protuberance

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46
Q

Trapezius Insertion

A

Lateral Clavicle, Acromion and Spine of the Scapula

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47
Q

Trapezius Innervation

A

Accessory Nerve (CN11)

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48
Q

Trapezius Action

A

Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; Lower fibers depress scapula

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49
Q

Levator Scapulae Origin

A

Transverse processes C2-C6

50
Q

Levator Scapulae Insertion

A

Medial border of Scapula

51
Q

Levator Scapulae Innervation

A

Anterior Rami and Dorsal Scapular Nerve

52
Q

Levator Scapulae Action

A

Downward rotation of scapula

53
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Origin

A

Spinous process of Axis (C2)

54
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Insertion

A

Inferior Nuchal line

55
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Innervation

A

Suboccipital Nerve

56
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Action

A

Extends and rotates head to same side

57
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Origin

A

Posterior tubercle of Atlas (C1)

58
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Insertion

A

Inferior nuchal line

59
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Innervation

A

Suboccipital Nerve

60
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Action

A

Extends head

61
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior Origin

A

Transverse process of Atlas (C1)

62
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior Insertion

A

Occipital bone

63
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior Innervation

A

Suboccipital Nerve

64
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior Action

A

Extends and bends head laterally

65
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Origin

A

SP of Atlas (C2)

66
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Insertion

A

Transverse process of Axis (C1)

67
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Innervation

A

Suboccipital Nerve

68
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Action

A

Rotates atlas to turn face to same side

69
Q

Iliocostalis Origin

A

Iliac crest, posterior sacrum, sacro-iliac and supraspinous ligament, and sacral and lumbar spinous processes

70
Q

Longissimus Origin

A

Iliac crest, posterior sacrum, sacro-iliac and supraspinous ligament, and sacral and lumbar spinous processes

71
Q

Spinalis Origin

A

Iliac crest, posterior sacrum, sacro-iliac and supraspinous ligament, and sacral and lumbar spinous processes

72
Q

Iliocostalis Insertion

A

Lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

73
Q

Longissimus Insertion

A

ribs in thoracic and cervical regions, and mastoid process

74
Q

Spinalis Insertion

A

Spinous processes in thoracic region, and to cranium

75
Q

Iliocostalis Innervation

A

Posterior Rami

76
Q

Longissimus Innervation

A

Posterior Rami

77
Q

Spinalis Innervation

A

Posterior Rami

78
Q

Iliocostalis Action

A

Acting Bilaterally: extends vertebral column and head and eccentrically controls movement while back is flexed

Acting unilaterally: Laterally flexes vertebral column

79
Q

Longissimus Action

A

Acting Bilaterally: extends vertebral column and head and eccentrically controls movement while back is flexed

Acting unilaterally: Laterally flexes vertebral column

80
Q

Spinalis Action

A

Acting Bilaterally: extends vertebral column and head and eccentrically controls movement while back is flexed

Acting unilaterally: Laterally flexes vertebral column

81
Q

Semispinalis Origin

A

Transverse processes of C4-T12

82
Q

Semispinalis Insertion

A

Spinous processes in thoracic and cervical regions, occipital bone
(4-6 segments)

83
Q

Semispinalis Innervation

A

Posterior Rami

84
Q

Semispinalis Action

A

Extends head in thoracic and cervical regions, rotates head contralaterally
(mostly cervical)

85
Q

Multifidus Origin

A

Posterior sacrum, PSIS, aponeurosis, sacro-iliac ligament, transverse processes of the thoracic and lumbar spine

86
Q

Multifidus Insertion

A

Spinous processes (Thickest in lumbar region)
Spans 2-4 segments

87
Q

Multifidus Innervation

A

Posterior Rami

88
Q

Multifidus Action

A

Stabilizes vertebrae during movement
(mostly lumbar)

89
Q

Rotatores Origin

A

Transverse processes of vertebrae

90
Q

Rotatores Action

A

Stabilize vertebrae and assists with extension and rotatory movement of vertebral column
(mostly thoracic)

91
Q

Rotatores Innervation

A

Posterior Rami

92
Q

Rotatores Insertion

A

Transverse or spinous processes of spine

93
Q

What muscles make up the pelvic floor?

A

Coccygenus
Puborectalis (Levator Ani)
Pubococcygeus (Levator Ani)
Iliococcygeus (Levator Ani)

94
Q

Pelvic Floor Action

A

Supports pelvic viscera and prevents incontinence

95
Q

What three muscles make up the Levator Ani

A

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

96
Q

What ligaments help stabilize the SIJ?

A

Posterior and anterior SI ligaments
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinal ligament

97
Q

What issue is associated with the suboccipital triangle?

98
Q

Longus Colli Origin

A

Transverse processes of C5-T3

99
Q

Longus Colli Insertion

A

Anterior tubercle of C1, C1-C3 vertebral bodies, C3-C6 transverse processes

100
Q

Longus Colli Innervation

A

Anterior Rami

101
Q

Longus Colli Action

A

Bilateral: Flexes neck
Unilateral: Contralateral rotation
(Reason for cervical coupling)

102
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles

A

Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Digastric and Stylohyoid

My Guy Dan Safford

103
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles

A

Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternohyoid and Sternothyroid

TOSS

104
Q

Suprahyoid Action

A

Raises hyoids for swallowing and supports the mouth

105
Q

Infrahyoid Action

A

Depresses hyoid for swallowing

106
Q

What are the three segmental muscles of the spine?

A

Interspinale, Intertransversarii and Levatores costarum

107
Q

Longus Capitus Origin

A

Transverse processes of C3-C6

108
Q

Longus Capitus Insertion

A

Basilar part of occipital

109
Q

Longus Capitus Innervation

A

Anterior Rami

110
Q

Longus Capitus Action

A

Flexes head

111
Q

Longus Capitus Action

A

Flexes head

112
Q

What are the borders of the Suboccipital triangle?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major, obliques wapitis superior and inferior

(2 OBLIgerent CAPtains and a MAJOR)

113
Q

What is within the subocciptal triangle?

A

Vertebral artery, subocciptal nerve and posterior arch of C1

114
Q

What is below the subocciptal triangle?

A

Greater occipital nerve (associated with headaches)

115
Q

What muscles make up the erector spinae group?

A

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and spinalis
(I love spaghetti)

116
Q

What muscles make up the transversospinalis group?

A

Semispinalis, Rotatores and Multifidus

117
Q

Name the abdominal muscles from Superficial to deep

A

Rectus Abdominis, External oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominis

118
Q

What fiber orientation does the internal and external oblique have?

A

Internal go towards the heart (up and back), and external goes toward groin (down and forward)

119
Q

What is located in the 4 Quadrants?

A

LUQ: spleen/stomach
LLQ: descending colon
RUQ: galbladder/liver
RLQ: appendix

120
Q

What are the level facet orientations and what motion do they allow?

A

C1/C2: 90ish, rotation
Cervical: 45ish, flex/ext and rotation
Thoracic: 180ish, side bend
Lumbar: 180ish (football goal), flex/ext

121
Q

What two muscles are the trunks of the brachial plexus in between?

A

Anterior and middle scalene

122
Q

What are the origin/insertions for the alar and transverse ligaments?

A

Alar: Dens to occiput
Transverse: C2-C2

Anatomy (4 decks)

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