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skull and spine > spine > Flashcards

spine Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the vertebral column?

A

provides attachments for deep muscles, protects the spinal cord, support the trunk, support the skull

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2
Q

why is the vertebral column curved?

A

for flexibility and resiliency

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3
Q

what type of bones are the vertebrae? and how many do we have in the early life?

A

they are irregular bones, 33

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4
Q

what are the 5 groups of vertebrae?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

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5
Q

what are the curves that are associated with each section of the spine?

A

Cervical = Lordotic
Thoracic = Kyphotic
Lumbar = Lordotic
Sacrum & Coccyx (Pelvic) = Kyphotic

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6
Q

what are other names for Lordotic curves?

A

Compensatory, Secondary

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7
Q

What are the other name for Kyphotic curves?

A

Primary

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8
Q

What does primary curve mean?

A

they are present at birth

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9
Q

When does the cervical spine begin to develop for holding up the head unassisted? sit unassisted?

A

3-4 months hold head up, 8-9 months sit unassisted

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10
Q

is Lordotic convex or concave anteriorly?

A

convex anteriorly

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11
Q

is kyphotic convex or concave anteriorly?

A

concave anteriorly

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12
Q

what are the 12 parts to a vertebral bone?

A

Body, Pedicles x2, Laminae x2, Articular processes x4, transverse processes x2, spinous proc x1

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13
Q

what 2 things encloses to form the vertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral arch and body

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14
Q

how much is overall length of spine is intervertebral disk?

A

1/4

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15
Q

what are the types of vertebral articulations and their movement classifications?

A 
cartilaginous = slightly moveable
synovial = Freely moveable
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16
Q

what type of joint is intervertebral joint?

A

cartilaginous joint

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17
Q

what type of joint is sacroiliac joint?

A

cartilaginous

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18
Q

what are all the synovial joints in the vertebrae?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint, costotransverse, costovertebral, and Zygapophaseal joint.

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19
Q

what are the a typical vertebrae in cervical spine?

A

C1, C2, and C7

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20
Q 
For C1:
Does it have a body?
what is it consists of?
what divides the anterior and posterior arches?
what is on the lateral mass of C1?
A
  1. it does not have a body
  2. It is consists of anterior and posterior arches, articular surfaces,2x transverse process, 2x lateral masses, 4 articular surfaces
  3. Transverse atlantal ligament
  4. Articular facets, superior and inferior
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21
Q

For C2:

what is the other name for the Dens?

A

Odontoid Process

22
Q

What are the joints associated with C1?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

Atlanto-axial joint

23
Q

For C7:

What is the other name for the spinous process?

A

Vertebral prominens

24
Q

what does the Transverse Processes on cervical spine have on them that is significant and radiography? and what is it for?

A

It has transverse foramen, it allows for passage of vertebral arteries and veins

25
Q

what joints are perpendicular to the midsagittal plane on the Cervical spine?

A

Zygapophyseal joint

26
Q

how are the intervertebral foramina on the C spine situated? and how do you best demonstrate it in a radiograph?

A

they are situated anteriorly 45 degrees from the midsagittal plane and 15 degrees inferior angle to the horizontal plane of the body

27
Q

what position best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina? Z joints?

A

Obliques are best and Z joints are lateral

28
Q

what shape do T3-T9 forms?

A

triangle

29
Q

What is special about T1? T9, T10-12?

A

T1 contains a whole facet superiorly and a demifacet inferiorly
T9 contains only demifacets superiorly
T10-12 contain whole facets superiorly and NONE inferiorly

30
Q

Which thoracic spine does not contain a surface for articulation with Rib 11 and 12?

A

T11-T12

31
Q

what is the best position for viewing zygapophyseal joint on the T spine? and why?

A

on anterior or posterior obliques from lateral position then 15-20 degrees rotation. Because the Z joint is opened at 15-20 degrees anteriorly and is 70-75 degrees anterior to the midsagittal plane of the body.

32
Q

where is the intervertebral foramina of the T spine located? What position is best to help demonstrate the IF?

A

It is 90 degrees to the mid sagittal plane (perpendicular)

Lateral is the best position.

33
Q

what size is the body of Lumbar spine??

A

Bean

34
Q

Where is mammillary process located on the L spine?

A

It is located posterior to the superior articulating facet

35
Q

What is the pars interarticularis?

A

Pars Int. is a continuation of laminae between superior and inferior articular process

36
Q

what shape is body of L5? other unique features compared to L1-L4

A

it is wedge shape, deeper in anterior than posterior. Spinous process is shorter and transverse process is thicker

37
Q

how is the Z joint of the L spine positioned?

A

Posteriorly from coronal plane at an angle of 30-60 degrees. It is posteriorly to the midsagittal plane of the body.

38
Q

How many segments are there in sacrum?

A

5

39
Q

what are the differences between male and female sacrum?

A

Male: long, narrow, and more evenly curved and vertical position
Female: Acutely curved, greatest curvature on the lower half and lies in a oblique plane

40
Q

which part of the sacrum contains the articulating facets?

A

The body of the first sacral segment

41
Q

Where is the sacral promontory located?

A

it is located on the first segment of the body of sacrum, on the anterior margin of the body

42
Q

how many pairs of sacral canals are there?

A

4

43
Q

what is the other name for the lateral masses?

A

Ala

44
Q

where is the apex of the sacrum located? what is the horns of apex called?

A

inferiorly, cornua

45
Q

How many coccyx do we have?

A

3-5, usually 4

46
Q

what influences the normal scoloiosis?

A

muscle action of an occupation

47
Q

where does compression fracture affect the spinal column?

A

in the vertebral body

48
Q

where does the “hangman’s” fracture affect the spinal column?>

A

2nd Cervical spine by frx, sometimes anterior sublaxation of 2nd on the 3rd vertebra

49
Q

Injury to the 1st cervical vertebra, aka Burst Fracture

A

Jefferson’s fracture

50
Q

what are the positions which will demonstrate the Dens?

A

AP open mouth and Fuchs AP projection

51
Q

what degree is the Z joint of the T spine opened?

A

20 degrees from the MCP, 70 degrees from the MSP

skull and spine (4 decks)

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